The Analysis On The Evolution Of Fertility Policies And The Demographic Effects Of Two-child Policy

Fertility policy is one of the most important social policies of a country or a region. It determines the population development trend of the country or region in the future, including the population size, structure and quality, and the development of economy and society has a crucial impact. From the beginning of the new China to the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, China's birth policy has undergone tremendous changes and has had a profound impact on China's population status and population development. Based on the evolution of fertility policy, this paper combs the changing process of birth policy and its demographic consequences since the founding of New China, and analyzes the population effect of "two-child comprehensive" policy.The study shows that 67 years since the founding of new China, China's population development impact of the deepest, the longest implementation time, the implementation of the most stringent measures is the family planning policy. Since the implementation of the family planning policy for nearly four decades, China's population and resources, the contradiction between the environment has been well coordinated, the family planning policy in controlling population growth has made great achievements. Before the full implementation of the two-child policy, family planning has also brought some negative demographic consequences, such as a serious imbalance in the sex ratio at birth, a sharp decline in the total fertility rate, population aging process continues to accelerate and so on. In this context, the party and the government of the existing fertility policy has undergone major adjustments, have developed and implemented the "two-child policy" and "comprehensive two children" policy, aimed at alleviating the aging process of population aging, easing the labor shortage Of the situation, so that the high birth rate of the sex ratio returned to normal, to promote the total fertility rate of recovery. The study suggests that the "comprehensive two-child policy" can effectively promote the normalization of the sex ratio at birth, alleviate the process of population aging, stabilize the increase of population dependency ratio and increase the supply of labor force, but its impact is very limited. Because the birth wishes and fertility culture of our country have been changed quietly by the family planning policy and the rapid development of society, together with the rising cost of raising children and nurturing children, a large part of the young families are unwilling to give birth Two children, or can not bear two children. Therefore, it is suggested that the state should enact appropriate regulations and policies to encourage or subsidize families with two children, and encourage the promotion of childbearing at the national level so as to cope with the increasing population aging problem in China.