| Education is the foundation of one country.Education as a productive investment,has strong social and economic value,promoting national economic growth and social stability.General Secretary Xi stressed that "basic education plays a basic and leading role in the national education system,and strive to make education to benefit every civil and becoming a kind of more equitable service.We should strengthen the support for basic education,develop nine-year compulsory education in a balanced way,basically popularize senior secondary education,optimize the allocation of educational resources and gradually narrow the regional and urban-rural gap."1 Human capital theory emphasizes that the state must pay attention to education,increase investment in education,improve the quality of the population,stimulate the potential of human capital and cultivate the high-quality human capital needed for national development.Basic education is the basic stage of national education,China's basic education has strong external effects and public goods attributes.In short,basic education is the cause of the whole society,not only need the strong support of national governments,but also need schools',families'and social support.From the founding of new China,China has formed a complete education system,the school infrastructure is maturing and the school's level and quality of teaching has been greatly improved.Since 2000,rural and urban areas have achieved free compulsory education,improved the quality of the people and promoted scientific and technological progress and cultural prosperity,in which basic education has become an important factor of promoting economic development and social progress.China has gradually become a human resources country from a populous country.With the trend of world multi-polarization and economic globalization,talent competition is becoming more and more intensely.It is urgent to improve the quality of the people,cultivate innovative talents and put forward new demands for basic education.There are many problems in China's basic education,among which the imbalance of basic education is more serious,and the imbalance of regional basic education will inevitably lead to the imbalance of human resources,and become the factors that affect the unfair development of economy and society.During the 13th Five-Year Plan,the National Medium and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan(2010-2020)emphasizes that education fairness is the foundation of social justice and the realization of educational equity is a basic education policy in China.First of all,achieving fair educational opportunities,focusing on promoting the balanced development of education,rationally allocating educational resources,narrowing the gap between regional education,and ultimately it will achieve a balanced and rapid development of basic education.Above all,this paper studies the spatial distribution pattern,spatial internal structure and evolution trend of basic education in 31 provinces,constructing the basic education model suitable for China's national conditions,which is of great significance to the development of China's basic education.First of all,this paper uses SPSS22.0 software on the number of schools,the number of full-time teachers and other 16 basic education indicators of factors to construct more reasonable common factors.After KMO Test,Bartley Sphere Test and Principal Component Analysis,three common factors of education resource allocation,education quality and educational achievement were extracted,and their contribution rate of factor variance were 0.6055,0.1805 and 0.0689 respectively.And we know that the allocation of educational resources contribute the most to the total score.The provinces with the highest contribution and higher educational achievement factor included Jilin,Liaoning,Heilongjiang,Shanghai,Tianjin,Shanxi,Fujian,Hubei,Hunan and Shaanxi.Further,based on the factor analysis,this paper constructs the balanced development index system of basic education and constructs the weight matrix of 31 provinces' basic education by using ESDA,and analyzes the spatial correlation degree and the evolution trend of spatial pattern with the software of GeoDal.6.5.The research's results show that,from the overall point of view,there is a significant positive correlation between basic education in China,and the national basic education has a strong spatial correlation,and the interaction between neighboring provinces is more significant.After the national implementation of the policy of "Developing the Western Region" and "the Belt and Road ",the basic education in poor western provinces such as Xinjiang and Sichuan has developed rapidly;From a local perspective,there is still a large gap in regional basic education,and the unbalanced development of regional basic education needs to be solved urgently.The developed provinces of the basic education are mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas of China.Most of the eastern provinces with strong economic strength,higher opening to the outside world and rapid social and cultural development attract a large number of high-quality labor resources and a great number of high quality educational resources,not only local governments but also individual families attach great importance to education,and can provide sufficient financial support,give full play to the regional "spillover effect",promote the development of neighboring provinces,the overall quality of education and education is relatively high;The backward provinces of basic education are mainly in the western regions where the economy is backward and the ideas are relatively closed.There is not enough geographical advantages to attract high quality educational resources,and can not guarantee adequate educational funds.This leads to a low level of basic education.Finally,a spatial regression model is established by using the confirmed spatial data analysis method——CSDA.Combining with the empirical test,the results are analyzed and policy recommendations are given.The results show that the spatial error model is the optimal model for constructing basic education in China.After regression analysis and maximum likelihood method,the school-building area and enrollment rate have a great impact on the development of China's basic education.By taking a series of measures of enlarging the size of the school,increasing the area of the school building,providing fair educational opportunities for the school-age children and increasing the primary school enrollment rate,can significantly improve China's basic education level.The impact of fixed assets on the development of basic education is negative,indicating that the overcrowding of educational resources in China is an important factor in the imbalance of regional basic education. |
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