Research On The Changes Of Teaching Objectives In High School History Since The Foundation Of The People's Republic Of China

Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,the Chinese government has carried out eight large-scale reformations of curriculum upon primary and secondary education,In particular,teaching of history in secondary school was part of the eight reforms,which both the nature of history curriculum and its teaching objectives experienced changes and development as the time passed.It is worth to note that the teaching objectives of history in secondary education,is an important guide to the history education,which not only provide direction to the teaching,but also facilitate the results of teaching with a diagnostic and evaluative function.By considering the significance of the teaching objectives to the secondary school history education,this dissertation seeks to trace the transformation of the teaching objectives,which intends to summarize the inherent law of the changes and provides references for the construction of teaching objectives of history in the future.According to the transformation of the nature of history curriculum and the development of the teaching objectives in secondary education,this dissertation divides the changes into five history stages: the establishment of the teaching objectives of history(1949-1957),the improvement(1958-1965),the alienation(1966-1976),the reconstruction(1977-1999)and the promotion of the objectives(since 2000).Then,the dissertation searchers for the footprints of the teaching objectives of history education through catching the distinguish features of some the history periods.The research in the dissertation wants to show that different historical stages possess different orientation to the teaching objectives of history in secondary education.In the first stage that the teaching objectives was preliminarily established and was then improved,the objectives reflected the value orientation to politics(the 1950 s to mid60s).In the second stage of the cultural revolution period,the objectives stressed on the "revolution" and "struggle"(the mid 1960 s to the mid 1970s).In the third stage,the teaching objectives experienced the reconstruction,which it turned to a more diversevalue orientation(the mid 1990 s to the end of 1970s).The forth stage saw a trend that the reform of the teaching objectives was high school history teaching objectives of comprehensive deepening period(since 2000)reflects the transformation from diversified value orientation to the "human-oriented" value orientation.In the midst of the transformation of the teaching objectives,it is obvious that the transition of the objectives evolve from unclear outline to explicit idea.The dissertation unveil the features of this process,which finds out that the ideological and political education play a significant role in the transition that keep pace with the times;the changes demonstrate the concept of the new curriculum;and they reflect the characteristics of students' subjectivity.In general,the teaching objectives experienced a process of gradual progression from tradition to modernization.This phenomenon was contributed to the exogenous elements that are mainly the changes of the domestic politicies and the teaching objectives of history in foreign countries.But it also relevant to the endogenous aspects that the recognition of teaching and learning history in an developing way among the learners,the requirement of the social development based on the attainments of civilians,and the development of the historical discipline itself.By and large,the teaching objectives of history in secondary school in the “New China” made progress along a winding path,displaying a systematical and multiple perspective of the transition.Because of the complexity and importance of the teaching objectives of history in senior high school,which plays an critical role in history teaching and cultivating talents in China,we must strengthen the construction of the teaching objectives.The dissertation based on the research on historical transition of the teaching objectives in China suggests that the governmental institutes of education should set up a professional and relatively stable team to create the teaching objectives;absorb the achievement of the history teaching and textbook compiling in other counties.Moreover,the teaching objectives should reflect the characteristics of the times;to focus on the ideological education and the cultivation of ability;to realize the two "security".All in all,the teaching objectives should fully recognize the social function of history education and the historical significance of teaching,and adapt to the developing trend of individual,society and the country.