Comparative Study On Physical Fitness And Health Of Primary And Secondary Students In Lanzhou In 2010 And 2014

Objectives In order to explore the variation of height,sitting height,weight,chest circumference,skin-fold thickness,comparing the data of physical development,body function,health status in 7~18years old Han nationality primary and middle school students In Lanzhou between 2010 and 2014.At the same time,analyze the epidemiological characteristics of low eyesight,myopia,dental caries,overweight,obesity and anemia,understand their sexual development and nutritional status.To provide the scientific evidence for improving their health condition and promoting the school health work.Methods All of the students were Han nationality,aged 7 to 18 years,participated in the National Surveys on Chinese Students' Constitution and Health in 2010 and 2014.This survey used a stratified multistage sampling method based on selected primary and secondary schools.These schools were randomly selected from 5 districts and 3 counties.From the selected schools,one class in each grade was selected,and all students of the selected classes were invited to join the study.The research contents were:(1)Body height,sitting height,weight,chest circumference,skin-fold thickness were measured and vervaeck index was calculated.(2)Body function indexes such as pulse,vital capacity and blood pressure were measured.(3)The sexual maturity status of menarche and first spermatorrhea.(4)Examination of low eyesight,myopia,dental caries,hemoglobin level and anemia.All data were inputted by the national primary and middle school students health management system;All data analysis were conducted using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Data were checked for normality by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation(SD)for continuous variables with normal distribution.Categorical data were expressed as rate and constituent ratio.A two-tailed independent-t test was applied for comparisons between groups.Chi-square test was applied for categorical data.A level P< 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.Results(1)Compared with 2010,the height,sitting height,weight of students in 2014 have risen.The height of 15 years old boys and 9 years old girls is the most different(t=4.133?3.102,P<0.05),the sitting height of 15 years old boys and 18 years old girls is the most different(t=3.227?4.204,P<0.05),the weight of 7 years old boys and 17 years old girls is the most different(t=3.475?3.606,P<0.05).Chest circumference,skin-fold thickness and vervaeck index have not changed significantly.(2)Compared with 2010,the pulse has decreased,the difference of 7 years old boys and girls is the most significantly(t=16.717?17.907,P<0.01);the vital capacity has increased,the difference of 15 years old boys and 14 years old girls is the most significantly(t=10.008?6.498,P<0.01);systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure have not changed significantly.(3)The rate of low eyesight and myopia in 2014 was higher than 2010(P<0.05).(4)The rate of deciduous and permanent dental caries in 2014 was higher than 2010(P<0.05).(5)The rate of first spermatorrhea in 2014 was higher than2010(P<0.05).The rate of menarche has not changed significantly.(6)Compared with 2010,the rate of anemia among boys and girls in 2014 has not changed significantly.(7)Compared with 2010,the rate of emaciation in 2014 has decreased(P<0.05),the rate of overweight and obesity has not changed significantly.Conclusions(1)The secular trend of growth still exists in 7~18 years old students in Lanzhou.(2)The rate of low eyesight and myopia is higher than other provinces in China.The prevention of low eyesight and myopia is urgent.(3)The rate of dental caries stays in a high position.The prevention of dental caries is an arduous task.(4)The rate of anemia in primary and middle school students is lower than national average.(5)The rate of emaciation has declined and the problem of overweight and obesity has not yet been highlighted.Suggestions Strengthening the prevention of low eyesight,myopia,dental caries in primary and middle school students.Improving the nutritional status of students in the western region,enhancing nutrition education of primary and middle school students and helping them establish scientific awareness of nutrition and health.Individual intervention should be conducted for students who has health problems.People should make an effort to establish a unified and complete electronic health records for each student and persist in tracking and monitoring,in order to finding and solving their health problems.