| China is a big fishery country, but the production conditions near the sea areas are poor and the environment is extremely bad. Recent years, because of source reduction, the fishery production safety situation is very gravely. Almost 3 thousand fishermen are missing even die every year in China, mortality rate is fourteen over ten thousand each year, the number of dead people is 33 more than coal mine workers and the mortality rate is 35 times than construction industry. As a result of fishery accidents, fishermen suffer great losses. Fishery accidents bring lots of bad influences to the development of fishery economy, at the same time, stability near the sea areas is affected. In 2010 --- 2014, there are 123.7 fishery accidents in Liaoning province on average, and 100 --- 150 people are missing or died, and 36.8 ships are capsized or sank, and direct economic loss is 11.44 million China Yuan. And in 2013, there are 122 fishery accidents and 134 persons were missing even died, and the economic loss was more than 25 million China Yuan.Offshore production safety accidents are based on three factors:first is natural factor, there are many inevitable problems include natural disasters, such as typhoon, storm surges, tsunamis, etc. Secondly, human factors. It can be summarized as three categories. Inadequate physical condition which is needed in working in the sea, take chances by weak awareness of safety, and they are also lack of experiences and skills about producing and self-saving. Last factor is some unexpected accidents. Because of the development of modern science and widespread application of fishery safety management informatization, people can indicate natural disasters easily, shipowners and captains can receive the early warning information in time from various ways and they can have enough time to take measures to avoid the losses caused by natural disasters efficiently.Fishermen strictly obey relevant laws and regulations, so they can avoid accidents and reduce the loss during the fishery production process. Thus it can be seen that human factor is the main reason caused the accidents at sea during fishery production safety theoretically. In this paper, there are many cases have been posed to show further explanations that human factor is how to cause the accidents about fishery production safety.Carrying out labour qualification access system is to further standardize the labour market. Overseas, many countries had implemented system of working with legal certificate in some professional areas in the 1990s, such as the United States. The United States stipulates nutritionist and crane operators etc have to work with legal certificate.For this system, the labour market has been standardize, meanwhile improves the labour force quality, and safeguards the public and private safety.In China, there were amounts of safety accidents occurred these years as a result of lacking relevant professional certificates, so that some customers'benefits had been infringed.Thus, the national labour security and some domestic provinces and cities issue some policies and regulations about professional qualification access. In theory, the successful experiences prove that implementing the fishery labour qualification access system is an efficient method to reduce fishery safety accidents in the sea. But due to the weak foundation, some problems restrict development of China's labour qualification access system, so the effects are not obvious. Because China's working for fishery safety production has different levels, combined with fishing industry reduction, the tendency varies from natural conditions and regional policies. So, DaLian JinZhou New District is shown as a sample in this paper to study how to put the fishery labour qualification access system into practice efficiently. DaLian JinZhou New District as a part of DaLian JinPu New District, almost takes the whole fishery production. As a state-level new district, whether the population, economic aggregate and administrative mode or the development and the special geographical conditions--- cross the Huang Bohai gorge, DaLian JinZhou New District as a epitome, has its representative of studying fishery labour qualification access system.This article is aiming at some problems in the practice that implementing fishery labour qualification access system in DaLian JinZhou New District, analyzing reasons about restricting fishery labour qualification access system from three parts:fishermen, training institutions and administrative department(examination organ), and combined with the cases above we had known that human factor is the main reason that causing fishery production safety accidents,we also analyzed that the fishery labour qualification access system implemented in DaLian JinZhou New District is the principal contradiction causing fishery production safety accidents within the jurisdiction. According to the ideal fishery labour qualification access system, there are some suggestions have been proposed on how to make the fishery labour qualification access system perfect in DaLian JinZhou New District. To form a situation that fisherrnen, training institutions and administrative department examination organ) perform their duties, make them supervise and cooperate with each other for a better fishery labour qualification access system, especially in adjusting the relationship between training institutions and administrative department(examination organ). |
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