| Yimeng mountainous area has complex terrain,where land types are diverse,the land use condition is poor,the distribution of agricultural land is scattered,and the ecological system is fragile,the level of land intensive use is low.As the differences among individual household,which are caused by the different resource conditions,the difference of social,economic and cultural background,farm households are divided into different types.The land use type and land use efficiency present a different regularity among different farm household types.Efficiency of land use,on the one hand,is related to food sources for the increasing population;on the other hand,it also bears the important task of promoting steady and rapid development of the whole national economy.The efficient use of land resources in rural areas produces different extents of impacts on the grain production,the structure of agricultural production and the development of social economy.What exactly differences of the land use efficiency among different types of farm households in Yimeng mountain area? What factors influence this phenomenon? How to regulate it? These issues are related to the efficient use of land resources of agriculture in the Yimeng mountain area,increasing farmers' income and food security,which are worthy of further study and explore.In this study,the farm households are divided into five types according to the family income structure.Firstly,the paper analyzes the basic characteristic,land use behavior characteristics,and production characteristics of land use of different type of farm households;Secondly,we select the amount of capital input,agricultural labor force and land investment as input variables,farm households' agricultural output chosen as the output variable,using data envelopment analysis(DEA)method to measure the farm households' land use efficiency,finally which reveals the efficiency of land use difference of different farm household types.Thirdly,from 5 aspects,which included the family characteristics,land resources endowment,the characteristic of household management,willingness of adoption and soil and water conservation,15 variables are selected to construct Tobit regression model,to reveal the influence factors of different types of farm household land use efficiency.Finally,from the perspective of the natural environment and economic society reality in the sample area,according to the influence factors of farmers land use efficiency,we put forward regulation strategies of rational use of rural land in Yimeng mountainous area.Research conclusions are as follows:(1)Farm households area differentiate significantly in the sample area,family basic characteristics of households of different types are significantly different,which include family population,the difference of the age and cultural level of the households,agricultural labor proportion,the proportion of non-agricultural labor force,ratio of labor who master agricultural production skills.Compared with the agricultural labor force,the non-agricultural labor force in various farm household types has the characteristics of higher cultural level,younger age and larger proportion of males.(2)The differences among the land use of different farm household types mainly in planting scale,the types of crops,the rate of abandoned land,land transfer and growing willingness.Full-time farming households(FTFH in short)more tend to planting,abandoned land have became more serious;Part-time farming households I(PTFH I in short)is the most active in land transfer,has the largest planting scale,and more inclined to grow fruit crops;Part-time farminghouseholds II(PTFH II in short)has the second planting scale.The proportion of planting fruit crops is higher,but the seasonal phenomenon of abandoned land is most serious;Non-farming households(NFH in short)has smaller planting scale.And there are more development designed to simplify the self-sufficient farming.The ratio of labor force who are willing to engage in agricultural production in the future is higher;Deficient farming households(DFH in short)has the smallest planting scale,planting structure is the most simple,and labors are about to quit the agricultural production in the future.(3)There is a great difference among different types of farmers' land input and output level,which is related to the quantity of labor force,the quality of labor force and the purpose of management.With compare to the planting industry,forestry and fruit farming has a higher cost and earnings per acre,which is closely related to limiting factors such as the topography,soil conditions and irrigation conditions.(4)The overall land use efficiency of farm household is low in the sample area.Except DFH,the overall average value on overall technical efficiency of the other four types farm households is only 0.180.According to the average comprehensive technical efficiency,they are arranged in order: PTFH I > PTFH II > FTFH > NFH.As the deepening of the degree of part-time farming of households,the land use efficiency first increased and then decreased,and present the change trend of inverted "U".(5)The influence factors of land use efficiency in different households of different types are different,the same factors on the influence of households of different types are also different.FTFH's planting scale,land fragmentation degree and the proportion of agricultural income has a significant role in promoting land use efficiency;PTFH I's planting scale has a significant effect on land use efficiency,but land fragmentation index is the main reason for the decline of land use efficiency;PTFH II's planting area,land and finely level index,the proportion of agricultural income,the level of land transfer,future acreage adjustment and safeguard measures of soil and water conservation coverage have significant promoting effect on the land use efficiency.The farther away from home,the less conducive to the improvement of land use efficiency;NFH's land abandonment rate and future crop type adjustment will have a significant promoting effect on the efficiency of the land use,and non-labor population proportion and the coverage rate of soil and water conservation measures are the main factors leading to the low efficiency of land use.(6)On the basis of the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward the control strategy of farmers' land use on three aspects of economy,society and ecology.Based on the economic benefits,it is suggested to strengthen the farmland transfer,promote the appropriate scale management of land,optimize the structure of land investment,and promote the intensive use of land.Based on the social benefits,it is suggested to improve the quality of farmers life,improve the social security system,attach importance to the reserve of agricultural labor force,and protect the prime farmland area.Based on the ecological benefits,it is suggested to enhance the farmers' consciousness of sustainable development,strengthen the construction and maintenance of soil and water conservation projects,and actively promote the ecological agriculture.Through the comprehensive regulation and control,we expect to improve the efficiency of land use on the basis of sustainable land use,so as to promote farmers' income and realize the benign development of mountain agriculture. |
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