The Historical Evolution And Enlightenment Of European National Academy Of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences was gradually formed when the process of scientific research had developed into a certain stage.In this stage,scientific research needs scientists to close contact,communicate information,discuss knowledge with each other.It also needs to be planned from the overall and the royal or government to give recognition,support and honor.The European Academy of Sciences have played an important role in many area.It aims to improve the status and role of science and scientists in social life,to communicate scientific and technical information,to encourage and support scientific research and its achievements by giving fund and honor,to promote scientific creativity and make its products applied to more area as well as to represent the scientific functions of the country and image,This paper takes the historical evolution of the European National Academy of Sciences as the main clue,focusing on the Royal Society's and the French Academy of Sciences especially,the background,development process,organizational system,scientific achievements,the current situation.This paper discusses the historical laws of the European Academy and the current situation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and provides constructive suggestions for the institutional construction and scientific development of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The main contents of this paper are as follows: Firstly,it points out the current situation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the lack of research on the historical background of the European Academy of Sciences and its contribution to the scientific development.Secondly,it analyzes the rise of the Royal Society,the membership system and the management system and its scientific achievements.Thirdly,it analyzes the rise of the French Academy of Sciences,the academic system and the reward system,and the achievements made in the 18 th century;fourthly,the development and expansion of the institutions of the European Academy of Sciences,as well as the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences,the Japanese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Fifthly,the historical experience of the rise of the European Academy of Sciences was summarized,and the proposal of reforming the system of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and developing thescientific cause was put forward in the light of the situation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.The main conclusions of this paper are divided into three points: First,the European Academy of Sciences on the promotion of national scientific development as time goes from strong to weak.The establishment of the European Academy of Sciences in the 17 th and 18 th centuries greatly accelerated the creation of the speed and spread of scientific knowledge.In the 19 th century,with the rise of professional differentiation,the rise of European research universities represented by the University of Berlin,The Academy of Sciences became a paradigm of lack of vitality,and the role of scientific development began to diminish;by the twentieth century,many European countries became a kind of honorary and consultative institution.Second,the scientific and technological reward system established on the basis of the Academy of Sciences meets the material needs and spiritual needs of scholars,stimulates the enthusiasm and creativity of scholars,and promotes the development of science.Thirdly,the promotion of scientific development in our country is gradually weakening,and it should follow the historical laws of the Academy of Sciences to promote the scientific development,and gradually change to the independent and consultative institutions,and vigorously develop the research universities and scientific research institutions.