| This paper uses an economic theory named The Externality to study the management improvement in exploitation of fisheries resources,where the government is the principal and the fishermen and relative interest groups are agents.Due to the existence of negative externalities in fishing and some related water activities,market mechanism cannot optimize the allocation of fishery resources and contradiction generated among fishermen and different involved interest groups.Hence,I analyze the reflection,causes and potential solutions of the negative externalities in fishing and related activities and study effective measures being taken at home and in abroad from the angle of correcting negative externalities,so as to provide reference for our country's fisheries management.Main content in each chapter is illustrated below.In the first chapter,I introduce the background,purposes and meaning of my study and review the current research situation in home and abroad from two aspects: the discovery and explanation of fishery externalities and the correction of fishery negative externalities.All-sides description of fishery negative externalities and modification research from the perspective of government institutional arrangements are absent in the overseas research status.While domestic research status limited to performance of negative externalities in fishery,few corresponding modification research is created.The second chapter defines the term Fishery Externality,pointing out that the term fishery in this paper only refers to fishing industry,and the research only focus on negative externalities in fishery.Basing on research status both in China and abroad and considering the practical situation of fishery and the relationship between fishery and other related industries,I divide all the negative externalities into four categories according to different producers and victims.Then I subdivide them according to different causes and adverse impacts and discuss their formation mechanism and potential harm.In the third chapter,I express the causes of those fishery negative externalities by combining with the theories like tragedy of the Commons,free rider,etc.Concluding the existence of negative externalities in fishery is because:(1)the nature of shared and scarcity of fishery resources and waters;(2)the absence of contract among fishermen or between fishermen and relevant stakeholders,or the contract is exist but cannot be implemented;(3)the defective fishing technology,like by-catch.The forth chapter comes to the conclusion of how to correct the fishery negative externalities basing on the negative externalities correction theory.First,damage compensation method based on pigovian tax applies to correct ecological negative externalities and the negative externalities between fishermen and other relevant stakeholders.Secondly,limiting exploitation and conducting resource conservation measures will be useful.Thirdly,eliminating the nature of shared of fishery resources and waters by property right arrangement will count.Fourthly,permitting autonomous management in fishery community is beneficial to the formation and implement of contract.Finally,government regulation is a significant method,including the control of workplaces,operation time,the type and number of fishing gear,etc.Chapter five lists and analyzes five kinds of fishery regulations,including Individual quota system(IQ),community management system(CM),fishing gear and method management system(FGMM),ecosystem-based fishery management system(EBFM)and fishery rights system(FR),which are significantly conducive to correct fishery negative externalities.Basing on the feasibility study,I conclude that CM,FGMM and FR are applicable to a great extent.As to the IQ,it is more feasible to conduct a total allowable catch system(TAC)with community quota(CQ).As to the EBFM,admittedly it is the direction of future development,but it is not sufficiently mature so far.In the sixth chapter,I analyze the current regulation and measures of fishery management in our country,which may be helpful to correct fishery negative externalities to some extent.My suggestions are illustrated:(1)build a sound compensation system of fishery water area pollution;(2)add a production target control of fishing gear embracing number limited and type limited;(3)accelerate the construction of standardization of fishery vessel and strengthen supervision;(4)develop a catch ashore statistics system and resources evaluation system for the sake of the implementation of TAC;(5)establish an evaluation system on resources recovery.(6)perfect fishing license system,entirely implement the check-and-approve of fishing types,workplaces,the number and type of fishing gear and fishing quota;(6)perfect the fishing quota system by combining with community management.The final chapter summarizes the content of my research and outlines the highlight.In particular,I comprehensive analyze all the potential negative externalities that existed in fishery for the first time and prove a new classified method.Additionally,I analyze the formation mechanism of each negative externality and find out the solution based on combination of theories and practice.In the end,I offer my proposals on management improvement based on the whole research results,especially the content of chapter five and chapter six:(1)set up fishery water pollution compensation fund;(2)develop the system of fishery capability management,especially add fishing gear control and conduct standardization management of fishery vessel;(3)perfect and strength the management of fishery workplace,Including waters division and check-and-approve of workplace;(4)build community involving small vessels and certain fishermen,implement self-management in county;(5)implement a community-based management of the fishing quota system. |
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