Study On Shanghai Port’s International Competitiveness Within Asia

With the development of the world economy,communication among countries is increasing,competition among ports is becoming fiercer,and the scope of port competition is also changing.In order to be adapted effectively to the needs of the port capacity in the new era,the port function has been expanding.Port has developed from the first generation to the third generation or even now the fourth generation.Its service has also experienced the transform from "port to port","point to point" to "door to door".It is not only the node of transport links and also central link of connecting global production,exchange,distribution and consumption.In 1992,Chinese government proposed to build Shanghai into an international economic center,international trade center and international financial center.In 1995,Chinese government put forward the strategic goal of establishing Shanghai International Shipping Center.As China’s largest port,Shanghai port is the door of China and it also plays the main role of international competition.At present,Asian region is one of the fastest growing areas of the world.World shipping is also concentrated to the Pacific region.The construction of major ports in Asia is in full swing.Against the background of this situation,it is very important to study the international competitiveness of Shanghai Port in Asia.Find out the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of Shanghai port in Asia and propose concrete measures to enhance the international competitiveness of it,which are important for the development strategy of Shanghai Port.It’s also an important issue of national economic sustainable development.At present,the domestic and foreign scholars’ research on the international competitiveness of the port mainly focus on the establishment of the port international competitiveness evaluation index system and the selection of the port international competitiveness evaluation method.There are still some problems such as lack of quantitative research,applying theory into practice not perfectly and so on.Therefore this paper re-selects the evaluation index and introduces the dynamic factor analysis method to establish a new evaluation system to evaluate the international competitiveness of Shanghai port in Asia.The paper first introduces the background,purpose and significance of this study and the framework of research.It combs the literature of this topic and reviews them.Then it defines the concept of port international competitiveness and points out its characteristics,and introduces the theoretical method of international competitiveness research.With the principle of integrity,comparability and operability and on the basis of the theory of international competitiveness,this paper analyzes the factors that influence the international competitiveness of the port.It establishes the specific evaluation index of the international competitiveness of the port and constructs the international competitiveness evaluation model.Taking Shanghai Port as the main research target,this paper selects eight ports in Asia as study objects.It applies Shanghai Port,Singapore Port,Hong Kong Port,Yokohama Port,Nagoya Port,Busan Port,Dubai Harbor and Port Kelang to the above-mentioned international competitiveness evaluation model.Empirical research reveals the international competitiveness of eight ports and their dynamic changes.it analyzes international competitiveness of Shanghai port in Asia from horizontal and vertical perspective and makes Shanghai port’s international status clear.The results show that in Asia,Shanghai port has strong competitive strength.Its development level is good and second only to Singapore port.Good infrastructure,operational capacity and hinterland conditions ensure Shanghai Port to be in the leading position;lack of openness and development potential restricts the development of Shanghai port to a certain extent.In addition,management and distribution system of Singapore Port system are also better than Shanghai port.In the last part,this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions on the future development of Shanghai Port,including accelerating the construction of deepwater port and container port,strengthening cooperation between ports and regional cooperation,especially with Ningbo-Zhoushan Port,enhancing degrees of port freedom,promoting pilot policy and develop business of transit.