Research On The Influencing Factors And Estimation Models Of Tourism Employment In A-level Scenic Spots

The tourism is a labor-intensive industry,and the development of it can significantly increase employment for it has wide employment range and low recruit standard.A-Grade Scenic Spots have become the most important sector in tourism employment because of its countless branches and widely distributed.The number of A-Grade Scenic Spots in China is 7359 by the end of 2014,and it absorbed 1215.4 thousands employees,which has created more jobs than travel agencies.And become the second largest employment sector.Under the guidance of the policy of "Speeding up the development of tourism industry and promoting the employment of tourism ",it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the tourism employment.This paper focuses on the factors and estimation model research of scenic employment scale.On the basis of reviewing related literature at home and abroad,this paper defines the concept of scenic employment which also make an analysis of the factors influence scenic employment from the macro and micro aspects.The conceptual model on scenic employment between provincial and scenic are constructed.Based on the data of?China tourist attraction development report 2014?and?Shanxi A-Grade Scenic Spots statistical data(2013-2014)?,this paper has made an analysis of the relationship between scenic employment and scenic quantity,tourist arrivals,upgrading index,scenic level,scenic area,business diversity and so on.The scenic employment estimation models are built on two levels.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)In the aspect of provinces,the more spots of the A-Grade Scenic,the larger scale of its employment.The more tourists of scenic received,the larger scale of its employment.In addition,Upgrading index and business diversity index of A-Grade Scenic spots also have an obvious impact on tourism employment.And the influence of the latter one is superimposed on the basis of the former two factors.They can be regarded as "the third variable" which has control function.(2)According to the analysis of the cross-sectional data of 31 provinces in China,this paper found that while the quantity of A-Grade scenic increases or decreases by 1 percentage,the scenic employment scale will increase or decrease 1.181 percentage.While tourist arrivals increase or decrease of 1 percentage,the scenic employment scale will increase or decrease 0.957 percentage.Upgrading index is the control variables of scenic quantity and the elasticity is 1.715.Business diversity index is the control variables of tourist arrivals and the elasticity is 2.138.(3)In the aspect of scenic spots,based on the data of 80 A-Grade Scenic Spots in Shanxi province,using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis,this paper found that tourist arrivals,scenic level,scenic area and business diversity are key factors that affect tourism employment.Tourist arrivals and business diversity are persistent and stable factors while scenic level and scenic area are ladder type of the impact on employment.There is a significant different between Low A-grade and high A-grade's tourism in employment,medium-sized scenic spots and large scenic spot's tourism.(4)Taking the tourist arrivals as the key variable,taking the scenic level,the scenic area and the business diversity as the auxiliary variable,the measurement model of scenic employment is constructed.According to the normalization coefficient,tourist arrivals has the greatest impact on scenic employment,the coefficient is 0.470.Business diversity is the second influence factor,the coefficient is 0.299.The scenic level is the third influence factor,the coefficient is 0.193.The scenic area is the smallest impact factors,the coefficient is 0.193.All these four factors do have a positive impact on the employment scale of scenic.There are two main innovations in this paper.Firstly,based on the relevant theory of scenic tourism and scenic employment,Consider scenic level,scenic area,tourist arrivals and business diversity are attributed to the influence factors of scenic employment.This paper constructs the conceptual model of scenic employment scale.It can enrich the domestic research on tourism employment content.Secondly,through the analysis of the cross-section data of 7359 A-Grade Scenic Spots in 31 provinces and 80 A-Grade Scenic Spots in Shanxi province,this paper empirical analyzes the scenic employment at the provincial level and the scenic level.By empirical analysis,we verify the constructed theoretic model and construct the estimation model of scenic employment scale in scenic level.This research provides theoretical references and scientific basis for the determination of reasonable scenic employment scale.