A Study On Contemporary Egyptian Employment

The employment issue holds the key to solving the people’s livelihood problems in Egypt.In this dissertation,the problems of employment in contemporary Egypt are studied in the three eras of Nasser,Sadat and Mubarak.They are composed of introductions,texts,and conclusions.This dissertation starts with the historical vertical development sequence as the main line,and discusses the process of the emergence,development,and evolution of employment in Egypt.This process can be roughly divided into three historical stages.The first stage is the era in which the employment problem initially took place in Egypt.From the July Revolution of 1952 until the end of 1970 when Nasser died.During this era,Nasser relied on the power of the nation to dominate the economy,and took various measures to ensure employment,and the entire population basically achieved sufficient employment.There was only the issue of hidden unemployment in the public sector.The second stage was the historical era during which the employment issue gradually developed in Egypt.From 1970 when Sadat took office,Sadat was assassinated in 1981.Sadat began to implement “open policies” and adjust labor policies.Although Egypt’s economy had developed rapidly and brought about a large number of employment opportunities in the short term,Egypt has embarked on an unsustainable “consumer economy” developing model ever since.At the same time,although international workers have solved some people’s employment problems,they have great uncertainty.The third stage was a historical era in which the employment issue gradually developed and evolved into a serious social problem.From the time Mubarak taking office in 1981 to the Mubarak government overthrown in 2011.The employment issue during this era has changed quite a bit compared with that in the Sadat era.Mubarak’s privatization reform has drastically reduced the public sector that had previously solved a large number of unemployment cases.Besides,the development of the emerging private sector was not capable of absorbing a large amount of labor in the labor market.In the end,Egypt’s employment problem has evolved into a serious social problem.This is one of the factors leading to theMubarak government to fall.In general,the emergence and development of Egypt’s employment problems are mainly due to the following reasons.First,the education system is derailed from the labor market.Egypt’s education focuses on the humanities and social sciences,and vocational education closely related to economic development and technical education has not been emphasized.Second,it is the problem of excessive population growth in Egypt,because the development of Egypt’s economy cannot provide sufficient employment opportunities for a large number of new entrant.Third,the economic policies of the Egyptian governments did not solve the employment problem.After Egypt’s employment problems came into being,it had an important impact on Egypt’s population mobility,political stability,and social stability.First,from the perspective of population and social mobility,the lack of labor absorption in Egypt’s domestic labor market and the adjustment of Sadat’s labor policy resulted in most laborers turning to seek job opportunities abroad and forming an international labor community.Second,from the perspective of political stability,as the the employment problem get worse,the domestic political situation has also been affected.Finally,if we see it from the perspective of social stability,when most nationals,especially young people who are the pillar of society,have difficulty finding employment,their sense of belonging to the family and society is declining,leading to a rise in the crime rate and many other social problems that seriously endanger social stability.In conclusion: First,the employment problem in Egypt has gradually evolved into a serious social problem through the eras of Nasser,Sadat and Mubarak.Various governments in Egypt have also adopted corresponding employment policies and economic policies to solve the employment problem,but none have solved it in Egypt.Second,the employment issue,as an important part of Egypt’s livelihood issues,not only has a major impact on Egyptian economic development,but also on Egypt’s political stability and social stability.Third,the evolution of the employment issue has also witnessed the process of Egypt’s social historical changes,allowing us to observe the twists and turns of Egypt’s modernization process from the perspective of the employment issue.For the future development of Egypt,we must pay attention tosolving the employment problem in Egypt.Only by fundamentally solving the employment problem can we guarantee the development of Egypt’s society and economy.