On Niche Suitability Evaluation And Optimization Of Rural Settlement In Cold Region

As the national macro policies such as new-type urbanization,urban and rural integration,the new rural construction and the economic development of "new normal" as well as new ideas and measures such as "food security" "beautiful country" "ecological security" "wisdom agriculture" are put forward,we need to sort out new ideas,integrate new ideas and use new method to review a new round of development and space layout of the village and have scientific transformation.As the important way of coordinating land resource use and guiding the healthy development of urban and rural areas,rural settlement system focuses on the stock of space resources,optimization of space layout,the content of the equilibrium of industry structure,the important plan and guidance for the long-term and overall decision of the future development of villages.Therefore,this paper takes "settlement system" as the research object,using the theory and method of ecological niche for a particular region of the villages and towns to have optimization of development and system layout,so as to provide methods for reference and technical support for improvement of the planning level and residential life quality.First of all,the paper aimed at two clues of "niche" and "settlement system" from the aspects of niche and land use,ecological niche and urban and rural development,system optimization methods and strategies to have related research at home and abroad,discussed their respective fields of research contents,emphasis and trend,research direction for papers and the value orientation to determine the main content of the paper,method and framework.Accordingly,on the one hand,from the niche theory,measure theory and suitability evaluation,we have the theoretical analysis;on the other hand,from the settlement system concept,connotation,content and influence factors,we carry on the interpretation of the research object,and then we extended to discuss the correlation framework such as hierarchical structure,space structure,functional structure of settlement system from the perspective of ecological niche to determine the overall thought and basic framework of application of niche measure method to optimize settlement system.Secondly,from the three levels of "natural-social-economic",this paper has expounded niche characteristics of rural residential areas in cold region,understands the main contents and key elements that influence the settlement system optimization layout,then the ecological niche suitability evaluatio n index system of "system layer-target layer-factor layer-quantitative layer" was constructed by systematic method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method,and application of entropy determines the weight of each index weight,and then determines the standards of ecological suitability level and residential structure,spatial structure and functional structure.Ultimately,the target system,optimization ideas,optimization system of rural resident settlement system of cold region based on niche suitability evaluation is formed.Finally,this paper takes several rural villages and towns in the cold area as the practical case comprehensive application paper construction optimization method to have experimental application,and according to the measure results from rural settlement ecological pattern and space optimization,development a nd resource allocation,industry development and production system layout to put forward comprehensive strategy and planning guidance.In conclusion,from the overall level the paper puts forward settlement system optimization goal in cold region,makes the main practice method and the work path clear,at the same time,on the ecological niche suitability evaluation and measure of the classification standard,we carry out summary work,build the ecological niche suitability evaluation system of rural residential areas as well as apply them in practice,which has a certain theoretical reference and practical significance for a large number of rural regional settlement adjustment and layout optimization.