Research On Spatial Accessibility And Layout Optimization Of Medical Facilities In Harbin

With the development of the social economy and the improvement of people's living standard.The demand of public services such as education,medical treatment and entertainment is increasing.However,the resource supply of public service facilities can not content the daily needs of residents,and there are serious problems in the spatial allocation.Medical facility as an important part of public service facilities,reasonable planning spatial layout of medical facilities will shorten the time for residents' medical treatment,relieve the pressure of the city and improve the level of medical services.In this article,take the medical facilities of Harbin municipal district as the research object,based on the central place theory and location theory,supported by GIS spatial analysis technology,make the comprehensive evaluation on the spatial accessibility of medical facilities in Harbin,and put forward suggestions on the optimization the layout of medical facilities.Firstly,five municipal districts of Harbin are taken as the research areas,and 111 streets(towns)of general hospitals are taken as the research objects,select the streets(towns)population data of Harbin in China statistical yearbook,Harbin statistical yearbook and the bulletin of regional statistical bureaus,analyze the population distribution characteristics of municipal districts.Search the website of each hospital and use Baidu coordinate picker to obtain information such as hospital level and geographical location,using nuclear density analysis to analyze the distribution of medical facilities.Combine Baidu map and Google satellite portrait to obtain road traffic network map,overlay analysis of population,medical facilities and road traffic network.The results showed that the three match well,and make the positive correlation.Secondly,based on GIS spatial analysis technology,the shortest distance from the center point of the streets(towns)to the medical institution is calculated by the o-d cost matrix in ArcGIS network analysis.The two-step mobile search model is used to evaluate the medical accessibility of each streets(towns)comprehensively.The results show that the distribution of medical facilities is centralized,the spatial polarization is serious,and the accessibility of urban central area is better in a circular distribution,and gradually decreases to the peripheral area.Finally,the minimum impedance model in GIS location allocation is used to allocate the space of the existing medical facilities,choose the lack of specific medical facilities of the streets(towns),then set up the minimize facilities point model in order to add new candidate points,In order to achieve the minimum number of medical facilities to meet the maximum range of residents' needs.According to the relevant national policies and the current situation of medical facilities in Harbin,the paper puts forward the improvement plan in combination with the actual situation,in order to provide scientific basis for the layout and location of medical facilities in Harbin.