Design And Study On Lightweight Solid Fertilizer Distributor

Fertilization is an important measure to increase soil nutrients and improve crop growth and development conditions.According to the data released by the Ministry of Agriculture,the average fertilizer used in China is about 330kg/hm2,which is far greater than the world average level of 120kg/hm2.Because chemical fertilizers cannot compensate organics that are missing from the soil,long-term heavy use of fertilizers will cause a decline in the stock of soil organic matter,affect the survival of soil microorganisms,and ultimately will not only destroy the soil fertility,but also reduce the fertilizer efficiency and reduce crop yields.Organic fertilizer is different from chemical fertilizers.Because organic fertilizers contain a large number of different types of microorganisms,as well as various active substances such as enzymes and stimulants secreted by various microorganisms,application of organic fertilizers can not only effectively increase the amount and types of soil microorganisms,but also improve soils.Fertility,but also can provide the soil microorganisms with the necessary energy and nutrients,activate the soil potential nutrients,provide favorable conditions for the growth of crops.In order to improve the utilization rate of organic fertilizers and promote the sustainable development of agriculture,combined with the current status of fertilization operations in hilly regions of China,the paper has designed and studied the application of light solid organic fertilizers.The traditional row fertilizer device generally adopts the lower row method,which is,the fertilizer device is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer box;when the organic fertilizer has a large moisture content,the organic fertilizer under the fertilizer box is more likely to be overhead and cannot be reliably disposed of in the row fertilizer process.The phenomenon.The light and simple solid organic fertilizer applicator studied in this paper adopts the top-row row fertilizer method.That is,the row fertilizer device starts from the top of the fertilizer,and the row of fertilizer edges moves downwards,and the organic fertilizer in the fertilizer box is raised.Gradually discharge the fertilizer tank.The fertilizer applicator consists of a horizontal row scraper,a horizontal scraper lifting mechanism,a control system,and an auxiliary mechanism.During the fertilizing operation,the control system controls the amount of row fertilizer by controlling the descending speed of the horizontal row scraper and the horizontal movement speed of the scraper.The paper establishes the mechanical model of the horizontal scraper,determines the working parameters of the horizontal scraper servo motor,determines the working parameters of the horizontal scraper lifting and stepping motor through the calculation of the parameters of the horizontal scraper lifting mechanism,and analyzes the principle of row fertilizer.A mathematical model was established for the amount of fertilizer discharged from the row of fertilizers;the model showed that when the movement speed of the horizontal scraper matches the descending speed of the row of fertilizers,the linear relationship between the amount of fertilizers discharged by the row of fertilizers and the rate of decline was established and completed.Verification test.In the design of the control system hardware circuit,the horizontal row fertilizer servo motor drive circuit,the scraper lifting and stepping motor drive circuit,the operation speed of the fertilizer applicator detection circuit,and the horizontal servo motor rotation speed detection circuit are designed and completed;the software design of the control system Determined the row fertilizer control algorithm used in the fertilizer spreader and completed the software programming of the control system,including the main program,the forward speed detection and interruption service program of the fertilizer spreader,the fertilizer amount adjustment interruption service program,and the stepping motor rotation control interruption service program.Wait.The performance test of the fertilizer device and the performance test of the whole machine were performed on a light and simple solid fertilizer application machine.The test results show that the organic fertilizer application machine is within the normal operating speed(0.5-1.2m/s),when the set fertilizer amount is 900-2100kg/hm2,the amount of fertilizer is accurate,the actual amount of fertilizer and the set amount of fertilizer The maximum deviation is less than 10%;the uniformity of fertilization is good,the coefficient of variation of uniformity is less than 7%,and the actual amount of fertilization and the uniformity of fertilization have nothing to do with the operating speed of the fertiliser machine,and meet the design requirements.