Investigation Of The Incidence,Pathology And Bacteriology Of Canine Pyometra In Harbin Area

Pyometra is one of the most common reproductive system diseases in bitches which is more prevalent in countries where spaying is not routinely performed.It is generally believed that the level of reproductive hormones and bacteria are important factors leading to the development of the disease,however,existing studies have not confirmed the exact pathogenesis of the disease.Canine pyometra often has an urgent course.If the dog owner does not observe the symptom in time,the subsequent secondary infection will endanger the life of the dog.Surgical ovarian hysterectomy is currently the safest and most effective treatment,and in the meantime,clinical drug replacement therapy is being tried as a better treatment.In this study,216 cases of pyometra were collected from 3565 cases of bitch in Harbin,and the basic conditions,history,clinical manifestations and physiological indicators of the dogs were analyzed.Summarizing the incidence of puppies in Harbin,and conducting relevant experimental analysis.The results of epidemiological investigation showed that the average age of the affected dogs is 8.82 ± 3.48 years old,and the age of onset ranges fro m 4 months to 16 years.Cases over 10 years old accounted for 47.22% of the total number of pyometra cases.There were 128 cases of small dogs(0-10kg),accounting for 59.26% of the total cases.Among the purebred dogs,there are more cases of Pomeranian,Golden Retriever,Schnauzer,and Bichon,and the age distribution of each species is similar.By analyzing the relationship between the onset time of pyometra and the estrus cycle,it was found that the interval between the onset of most dogs and the last estrus was between 15 and 60 days,indicating that the onset time of most dogs was in the diestrus stage,and the onset season was concentrated in spring,summer and autumn,which was basically consistent with the oestrus rule of bitches in Harbin area.In addition,79.80% of the total cases were non-breeding dogs,indicating that pregnancy had a "protective" effect on pyometra.The blood analysis of this study showed that the total number of white blood cells,neutrophils and monocytes in the blood of bitc hes with pyometra generally increased significantly compared with the normal range.In some cases,the total number of white blood cells will decrease in the acute phase of the disease or the early stages of severe infection.In addition,44/135 cases developed red blood cell reduction,and the combined hemoglobin and hematocrit values could be used to analyze the degree of anemia in dogs.It could be concluded from blood biochemical indicators that pyometra in bitches was often accompanied by liver and kid ney damage and loss of body protein.The blood CRP can visually determine the degree of infection in dogs and it is the only inflammatory marker of systemic inflammatory response syndrome.In this study,blood CRP test showed that 34/40 cases were in different degrees of infection,indicating that CRP was of great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of pyometra.The ovaries and uterus of typical cases after operation were collected.Morphological observation showed that the myometrium and mucosa of the uterus were generally thickened,and there were different degrees of hyperplasia,bleeding spots and focal inflammatory on the endometrium.The ovary is often seen in follicular cysts and/or corpus luteum cysts.Histopathological observation showed hyperplasia of corneal glands and glandular epithelium in dogs with pyometra,pyogenic exudates in most glandular cavities,infiltration of inflammatory cells in endometrial stroma and myometrial stroma,vasodilation and hyperemia.Ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis,follicular wall connective tissue hyperplasia and thickening,occasionally large amount of bleeding within the ovary.Bacterial isolation and culture of the contents of the dog’s uterus revealed that the proportion of bacterial positive cases was 80.85%,and most of the cases were single bacterial infection.Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen,accounting for 52.63% of the bacterial positive cases.In addition,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella,Serratia marcescens and Lactobacillus were isolated from uterine contents.Based on the previous study,Lactobacillus was first seen in pyometra,and its pathogenicity remained to be further studied.Based on the drug resistance results in this study,it showed that the bacteriostatic effect of the cephalosporin antibiotics on the above pathogenic bacteria was generally good,and the average inhibition zone diameter reached more than 25 mm.Among them,the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefepime and the third-generation cephalosporin cefotaxime had the best antibacterial effect.The results of this experiment could provide suggestions for antibiotic selection during the treatment of canine pyometra in Harbin,and improve the prognosis of the disease.Combined with the results of this study and the onset characteristics of pyometra,it can provide effective guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of canine pyometra in Harbin.