Analysis On Production Status Of Dryland Maize In Ningnan Mountainous Area And Technical Ways To Increase Production And Increase Efficiency

Maize is China's main food crop.Solving the problems in maize production is an important measure to improve agricultural production and promote agricultural development.Taking Chengyang Township?Dryland?,Honghe Township?Mountainous Terrace?and Xinji Township?Mountainous Plain?in Pengyang County of Ningxia as the research areas,this paper adopts the methods of communicating with local agricultural technicians,contacting village cadres,conducting field visits to investigate the current situation of dryland maize production,and analyzing the problems existing in dryland maize production in southern Ningxia and increasing the yield.Based on the analysis results,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to solve the problems in maize production and reduce the yield difference in arid areas of southern Ningxia.The study obtained the following important results:1.According to the statistical analysis of the survey data of farmers,the maize planting area of farmers in the dryland of southern Ningxia had a decreased trend;maize yields in2016 and 2017 were 9815 kg·ha^-1and 4930 kg·ha^-1,respectively,which were at moderate and low levels;the planting density of farmers was mainly concentrated in low and moderate levels,and there were 19 variety of farmers planted in two years,of which Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 335 had the highest proportion.In high-yield varieties,Dafeng 30,Jin Ai 130 and Zhengda 12 the coefficient of variation of the three varieties was relatively small and the performance was stable.The farming methods of the farmers in the production were full-film cultivation and ridge-furrow construction with full plastic film mulching planting,and the average proportion of ridge-furrow construction with full plastic film mulching planting as high as 94%;farmers used rotary tillage before land preparation,and their average annual ratio was as high as 76%;farmer management in the field was basically not weeding;the main pests and diseases in two years were big spot disease and red spider,but the farmers in production do not pay attention to the prevention and controlled of pests and diseases,and the average ratio of farmers who never control was as high as 72%,and occasionally prevention and control.The ratio was only 19%and 9%.2.There were significant differences in rainfall production efficiency and precipitation productivity of dryland maize production in different landform types.In terms of rainfall production efficiency,Mountain flat?Xinji Township?was significantly higher than dryland?Chengyang Township?,and its difference with terraced field?Honghe Township?was not significant.Precipitation productivity was significantly higher than that of dryland and terraced fields,The relatively high rainfall and the used of ridge-furrow construction with full plastic film mulching sowing methods by farmers were the main reasons for the high rainfall production efficiency and precipitation productivity of Xinji Township.3.The average annual input of nitrogen fertilizer?pure N?,phosphate fertilizer?P₂O₅?and potassium fertilizer?K₂O?in dryland maize production of farmers was 338.3 kg·ha^-1,204.0 kg·ha^-1,32.3 kg·ha^-1,respectively.The fertilization amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was obviously high,and the proportion of farmers who were higher than330 kg·ha^-1 and higher than 165 kg·ha^-1 was as high as 54%and 70%,resulting in waste of resources and environmental pollution;Seriously insufficient,concentrated below the level of 42 kg·ha^-1,the average ratio of two years was as high as 82%;the ratio of NPK was1:0.60:0.10,the ratio of phosphate to fertilizer was too high,the proportion of potassium fertilizer was too low;It was roughly 8:2.The topdressing was mainly urea,and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were all applied.The two-year average partial productivity of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were 22 kg·kg^-1,36.6 kg·kg^-1,226.9 kg·kg^-1,nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers had lower partial productivity.4.Due to differences in factors such as climate,soil and planting habits among different landform types,the input factors of maize production varied greatly.From the perspective of production input factor structure,labor costs accounted for the largest proportion,accounting for 51%of the total input cost;followed by fertilizer costs,accounting for 19%of total investment;followed by mulch,seed,machinery,irrigation and pesticide costs.Labor was dominant in dryland Maize Production in southern Ningxia,and the degree of mechanization was low,which makes farmers'production efficiency and economic benefits low.5.By quantitatively analyzing the difference in yield,the yield difference YG0 of low-yield farmers based on average farmer's output was calculated to be 2595 kg·ha^-1.The average yield of farmers based on high-yield farmers was YG1,which was 2060 kg·ha^-1.The yield difference YG2 of high-yield farmers based on test yield was 2425 kg·ha^-1.Further stepwise regression analysis of the factors affecting the difference in maize yield indicates that the main factors affecting the yield difference between low-yield farmers and the average yield of farmers were:planting factors>topdressing factors>fertilization factors>density Factors;the main factors affecting the difference between the average yield of farmers and the yield of high-yield farmers were:pest control factors>variety factors>fertilization factors>density factors;the factors affecting the difference between high-yield farmers and experimental yields were density factors..Analysis of problems existing in the above-mentioned dryland maize production and factors limiting production increase,the technical ways to solve the problems existing in maize production in the arid areas of southern Ningxia and reduce the yield gap and increase yield and efficiency are put forward as follows:strengthen the field infrastructure construction;the selection of varieties according to local conditions;appropriate increase in planting density and reasonable close planting;reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and reasonable proportion of nutrients;strengthen the research and development and promotion of agricultural scientific research.