Study On Qin Tombs In HeNan Area

Qin tomb has experienced more than half a century since it was discovered.With the discovery and excavation of Qin tomb as well as in-depth study on Qin culture and Qin tomb and related problems,the achievements of the research have been fruitful.The Guanzhong area is the center of Qin cultural where most Qin tombs were found.At first,the research focused on the Qin tombs in Guanzhong.However,with the massive discovery of Qin tombs nationwide including Shanxi,Henan,Hunan and Hubei,the study of regional Qin tombs increased gradually.This article is based on the increasing number of scientific archaeological excavations in Qin tombs in Henan area and developed on the abundant data collected from Qin tombs,which have been officially published.According to the published archaeological excavations of Qin tombs,Qin tombs in Henan are mainly distributed in Sanmenxia,Luoyang,Zhengzhou,Nanyang and Zhumadian.Based on the burial information that has been officially published in the above administrative region as well as the definition of the relevant concepts,the archaeological typology of the Qin tombs in the late Warring States to the Han Dynasty in Henan is studied and the factors of Qin Wen in the Qin tombs are analyzed through the basic methods and principles of archaeology as a tool.Finally,the characteristics of Qin tombs in the Henan area are summed up.The first part is the introduction part.This paper mainly expounds the origin and significance of this study,defines the concept of the research object,the time and the scope of the study,combs the present situation of the study of Qin culture,and clarifies the ideas and methods of the article.It is clearly pointed out that Qin tomb does not mean the tomb of Qin Dynasty,but it does not only refer to the tombs of Qin ethnic people and their descendants.The Qin tombs studied in this paper refer to the middle and small tombs with the features of Qin culture created by Qin ethnic people and their descendants.The second part.First,the tombs of Qin Dynasty,which has been excavated and published from the late Warring States to the Han Dynasty in the Henan area were sorted out.Secondly,the forms of the tombs were divided by archeological typology.According to the texture and function of the funerary objects in tombs,the funeral objects in the Qin tombs were divided into three categories: bronze ware,imitation bronze ware,and daily pottery.According to the type division,the Qin tombs in Henan are divided into five stages: from the late Warring States to the Qin unification,Late Qin and Early Han Dynasty,the early Western Han Dynasty,the mid western Han Dynasty and the late Western Han Dynasty.Finally,the features of the burial form and the evolvement of the burial utensils in the Qin tombs in Henan were analyzed.The third introduce the archaeological culture factor analysis is used to analyze the burial customs of Henan Qin tombs(such as burial style,head direction,peri ditch tomb,etc.).According to the distribution characteristics of Qin tombs in Henan area,it is divided into four regions,Sanmenxia,Zhengzhou,Luoyang,Nanyang and Zhumadian in the west of Henan Province.Each area has its own specific form of expression because of their natural environment and different countries.There are some differences in the concrete forms of the Qin tombs,especially in the funerary articles.And then based on the characteristics of the Qin tomb in Henan,it conducts comparative studies with the Qin tombs in Guanzhong.The fourth part is the research on related problems.Firstly,the Qin tombs in the Henan area can be divided into four grades according to the different grades of the funerary objects in the tomb of Qin Dynasty and the different cultural factors embodied in the tomb.Each level of tomb has a corresponding population.Based on this,the grade of Qin tomb and the composition of the crowd in Henan area are discussed.Secondly,the unearthed status of pottery in Henan area is combed and the pottery works of Qin tomb in Henan area are sorted out and analyzed.Then,the archaeological observation of Qin's military and political policies reflected in the tomb of Qin Dynasty is studied.This part is mainly based on the application of Archaeology and the study of Qin tombs with historical documents and historical geography which is helpful to understand Qin military policy and social management.According to the distribution characteristics of Qin tomb in Henan area,it has a great relation with the military traffic and a series of political measures which have been carried out in order to win the war.Through the observation of the distribution of the Qin tombs in Henan,we can see that the distribution of Qin tombs has a great relationship with the three routes of the Qin Dynasty to the eastern military expansion.These three routes are: the southern Shanxi,the Northern Henan channel,the channel of the Shangluo and Nanyang.At the same time,through the study of the distribution of the tomb of the Qin Dynasty and the features of the funerary objects in Henan,it can be reflected that Qin implemented the military and management social policies for the unification of six Eastern countries.The fifth part is the concluding part which summarizes the discussion and points out the deficiency of the research.