A Study On Chinese Directional Complements And Their Corresponding Forms In Polish Language

Chinesc dircctional complements have been a characteristic feature in Chinese grammar,at the same time they constitute teaching difficulties in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.Beyond doubt,it is because of the fact that in many other languages,especially in Indo-European languages there is no such a grammar structure as directional complements.What is more,there arc very few comparative studies concerning Chinese directional complements and their corresponding forms in Indo-Europcan languages.The paper aims to analyze Chinese directional complements and their corresponding forms in Polish language.In the first chapter we summarized the relevant literature concerning Chinese directional complements as well as Polish verbs and verbal prefixes.Because of the fact that there are many studies on different aspects of Chinese directional complements we decided to divide them into such fields as the properties of directional verbs,grammatical meaning of directional complements,the verb-complement structure,directional complements in Chinese as a foreign language teaching and last but not least,comparative studies on directional complements and their corresponding forms in other languages.We arrive at a conclusion that although there are numerous significant studies concerning Chinese directional complements,there are very few concerning directional complements and their corresponding forms in Indo-European languages.As far as Polish language is concerned,we have not succeed in finding any.In the second chapter we introduce Chinese directional complements.Firstly we introduce directional verbs.After that we introduce basic ie.directional and extended meaning of directional complents,each followed by a corresponding example.Aiming to make the thesis more rigorous and scientific,all the examples come from two authoritative grammar books-,,Quxiangbuyu tongi" by Liu Yue Hua and,,Xiandai Hanyu Babaici”edited by Lv Shu Xiang.In the third chapter we introduce Polish verbal prefixes.We analyze them in alphabetical order followed by examples according to an authoritative reference book,,Slownik jqzyka polskicgo" edited by Witold Doroszewski.The second and the third chapter give a good basis for the following comparative analysis.The fourth chapter ie Chinese directional complements and their corresponding forms in Polish language is the core part of the thesis.I n order to make the reference examples more vivid,all of them come from two books by Mo Yan-,Jiu Guo"and,,Fengru feitun" and their Polish translation,,Kraina wodki"and,,Obfite piersi,pelne biodra".After the analysis of 80 directional complements sentences and their corresponding Polish translation,we made a comparative chart with directional complements and their Polish corresponding forms.The comparative study shows that in Polish language there is not such a thing as speaker standpoint,ie basically Polish verbal prefixes can not express speaker-oriented direction.Because of that,the directional meaning of the directional complements'?/?is often expressed by the same verbal prefix.Secondly,directional complements have sometimes one corresponding form in Polish language and sometimes there is not only one corresponding form.Thirdly,?/??have two corresponding forms in Polish language-verbal prefix roz-or verb,,zaczqc"+ basic verb.Four,the corresponding form for ?/??/?? in Polish language is verb+adverb,,z powrotem”.Based on above comparative study,in the fifth chapter we aim to give some teaching proposals thats suits Polish students.We designed some exercises especially concerning two directional complements ? and ?.The study shows there exist some corresponding forms of Chinese directional complements in Polish language,therefore we propose to use language positive transfer principle in teaching directional complements to Polish learners.In the thesis we utilized comparative linguistics theory aiming to find the differences and similarities in Chinese and Polish languages and hoping to fill in the gap in this field of study and to advance the differentiation in teaching according to the learners' mother tongue.We also aim to give some proposals useful in Chinese as a foreign language teaching to Polish learners.