The Revision And Preliminary Application Of The Chinese Self-other Four Immeasurables (SOFI) Scale

The Four Immeasurables refer to the four kinds of altruism:Loving-kindness,Compassion,Joy,Equanimity.As mindfulness entered the public eye,the Four Immeasurables,which also originated in Buddhism,received more and more attention.In this study,the Self-Other Four Immeasurables(SOFI)scale was revised and applied to psychological experiments.This study is divided into three parts.In study 1 and study 2,literature,expert evaluation and questionnaire survey were used to revise the Chinese Self-Other Four Immeasurables scale.In study 3,experimental method was used to preliminarily apply the scale to psychological experiment.The result is given as:1.The scale.The Chinese Self-Other Four Immeasurables scale consists of three subscales,which are“Intention of Four Immeasurables(IFI)”,“Near Enemies of Four Immeasurables(NEFI)'',“Far Enemies of Four Immeasurables(FEFI)''.Each subscale includes two dimensions,"Positive Self"and"Positive Others"belong to IFI,"Near enemies to oneself"and"Near Enemies to others"belong to NEFI,"Negative Self"and"Negative Others"belong to FEFI.Each dimension includes 4 items,the scale totally has 24 items,5-point scoring is used.1 is“Very slightly or not at all'',5 is“Extremely''.2.Reliability.The internal consistency of SOFI is good.The internal consistency of total scale is 0.79,the internal consistency of IFI is 0.767,the internal consistency of NEFI is 0.715,the internal consistency of FEFI is 0.677.3.Validity.The content validity,construct validity and criterion-related validity of the SOFI were examined respectively.(1)Content validity:Translate on the basis of respecting the original intention of the compiler,the scale was constructed according to the original scale structure and the two Buddhist classics“Visuddhimagga”“A Summary of PI Damour Solution”.the scale items are prepared by expert,so content validity is good.(2)Construct validity:(1)The KMO values of each dimension of exploratory factor analysis are 0.613,0.727,0.674,0.637,0.577,0.652 respectively.Bartlett's spherical tests have reached significant level,the variance rate at each level is greater than 35%,the factor load of most items is greater than 0.4;(2)The model fitting indexes of exploratory factor analysis all meet the measurement standards,as follows,IFI:?~2/df=5.21,GFI=0.967,CFI=0.935,NFI=0.921,TLI=0.899,RMSEA=0.078;NEFI:?~2/df=4.17,GFI=0.973,CFI=0.932,NFI=0.914,TLI=0.895,RMSEA=0.068;FEFI:?~2/df=4.24,GFI=0.974,CFI=0.922,NFI=0.902,TLI=0.879,RMSEA=0.069.(3)Criterion-related validity:Self-Compassion,Depression,Anxiety,Positive and Negative Emotions,Mindfulness,Life Satisfaction,and Subjective Well-being were used as criterions.Each subscale is significantly related to criterions.4.Study 3 adopts the experimental group and control group before and after the test design.The subjects were divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group conducted mindfulness training weeks once a week.The training lasted six weeks,each train lasted for 90 minutes.The control group waited for six weeks.The repeated measurement analysis and t-test show that compared with the scores of control group and pretest in experimental group,the scores of posttest in experimental group are significantly improved.The scores of IFI are significantly improved,NEFI and FEFI scores are significantly lower.In conclusion,the Chinese Self-Other Four Immeasurables scale has good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective tool for psychological research.