A Study On Acquisition Of Chinese Modal Complement Structure Of "De" By Cambodian International Students

The modal complement structure of "de" is a grammatical point with high frequency of use,complex structure and diversity of semantics orientation.It is also the focus and difficulty in teaching Chinese.Through observations in classes,we found that Cambodian students who are at the intermediate and advanced levels of learning Chinese,have many errors in using this sentence pattern.Therefore,analyzing the common types and causes of these errors is of great significance for breaking through the difficult point.And it is also important to teach them Chinese as well as promote the development of Chinese as a second language.In addition,the results of ontological research of this sentence pattern have been abundant,but the research combined with the second-language teaching is still insufficient,especially the research on nationalized teaching and teaching for Cambodian international students.Therefore,it is urgent to fill the gap in such research.This paper mainly examines the errors of the modal complement structure of "de" in Cambodian students at intermediate and advanced levels,summarizes the common types of errors,and analyzes the reasons for the errors,in order to propose targeted teaching strategies.This article is divided into four parts:The first part is the introduction,including the reasons and the significance of the research as well as the related literature review.The second part is the statistics and analysis of the questionnaire about modal complement structure of "de".The research objects are primarily Cambodian students from four universities in China.The survey has three purposes:Firstly,to examine their basic knowledge of this type of sentence,including basic structures and common structural types;secondly,to examine their abilities to express and apply its evaluation and description functions;thirdly,to collect the corpus of modal complement structure of"de" so as to pave the way for the error analysis of the third part.Through the questionnaire,it is found that participants are able to use rich vocabulary but with relatively low relevance.There is also diversity in sentence pattern output,including four-word words,verbal phrases,adjective phrases,and figurative sentences as modal complements.Among these forms,there are many problems with the type of verb phrases,adjective phrases,subject-predicate phrases,and predicate heads.The third part divides the materials with errors collected from the questionnaire and the corpus into four categories:the wrong part before "de",the wrong part of "de" itself,the wrong part after "de",and other errors of "de".Then the specific errors of each major category are summarized and counted.This research finds that the most frequent errors of Cambodian international students at the intermediate and advanced stages happens in the part after "de",and the second happens in the part before "de",and the least one is the part of "de" itself.The most frequent errors in the part before "de" are the misusage of predicates as well as detached-and-compound words,and omissions of verbs that should be repeated;the most frequent errors in the part after "de" are the misusage of adjectives as well as their phrases,the misusage of verb phrases,and the misusage of four-character words.Then this research analyzes the reasons for the errors from several perspectives:the negative transfer of the Cambodian language,the generalization of the target language rules,the influence of learning and communication strategies and so on.The fourth part mainly elaborates the reasons for those errors mentioned above,and puts forward some specific suggestions from the two aspects of teaching and textbook arrangement.In terms of teaching,this research has put forward seven suggestions:enhancing the contrast between Chinese and Cambodia,prescribing emphasis and difficulties;creating environments for languages so as to clarify the context background;enhancing contrast between complements,distinguishing related usages;enhancing the identification and analysis of synonyms,and promoting the combination with complements,etc.In terms of teaching materials,this research has also made four suggestions.The fifth part is the summary which points out the limitations and prospects of this research.