Research On Reclamation In Suiyuan Area In The Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

After the Qing Dynasty took over the Central Plains,it imposed a ban on the Mongolian area,and did not allow the Chinese people from the mainland to open up wasteland for cultivation in the Mongolian area,which has maintained its original nomadic lifestyle.At the beginning of the 20 th century,with the change of internal and external situation,the Qing government's policy towards Mongolia began to change,changing the long-standing ban policy in Mongolia,and carrying out large-scale reclamation in Mongolia.In 1902,Yigu was appointed Minister of Reclamation by the Qing government,which reflects the importance that the Qing government attaches to the reclamation affairs,thus starting a new stage from private reclamation to official reclamation.Yigu reclaimed Inner Mongolia's land,mainly in charge Chakai Kenchahar eight flag as well as the Western Union of Ulanchab and Ikezhao League.During the reclamation period,under his leadership,three main offices were set up:the reclamation office,the copy office,the revenue and expenditure office,and then the branch offices were set up one after another.In order to promote the further implementation of reclamation,Yigu also specially set up East and West Road Reclamation Company.The West Road Reclamation Company is mainly responsible for the acceptance and transfer of part of the land of Ulanchab and Ikezhao League,while the East Road Reclamation Company is mainly responsible for the acceptance and transfer of part of the land in Chahar area.The name of the reclamation company is to prevent land traders from manipulating their land prices and save money on reclamation.In fact,it is controlled by reclamation officials and land prices are charged at the time of transfer.After the investigation of Yigu,the reclamation in Mongolia was basically stagnant,and the Qing government sent other officials to continue the reclamation.After the founding of the Republic of China,the Beiyang government basically stopped the official reclamation in order to move closer to the royal nobility of Mongolia.On the basis of the establishment of the General Directorate of Suiyuan Reclamation,approved by the Beiyang Government in 1915,the General Directorate of Suiyuan Reclamation has also formulated and promulgated a series of laws,regulations and policy norms,proposing that private reclamation farmers should be severely punished,and that those farmers who actively report reclamation and seeded land should be rewarded.Early Republic of China Reclamation Regulations In the late Qing Dynasty,the local Wang Gong and the local merchants colluded with each other and made the people miserable.In addition,Suiyuan Reclamation Administration did not play a real role,only to collect the poor prices and annual rent,the new land reclamation is not much.This paper mainly takes the minister of Mongolian flag reclamation,East and West Road Reclamation Company,Suiyuan Reclamation General Administration as the object of discussion,so as to explain the important role played by official organizations in Mongolian reclamation affairs.According to the relevant literature,taking the above-mentioned discussion object as the case study,through the detailed analysis of their establishment,operation and withdrawal process,preliminary clarify their development context and the impact in Mengken firm,try to sum up the three commonness and its essence.