| With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization process,more and more rural labor transfer to the city,and showing a "family" trend.The rural migrant workers entering the city have raised the problems of urban life integration and the education for their children,and have presented challenges to the city management and system construction.The problems of migrant children education acceptance and integration are particularly acute in immigrant cities.The conflicts among the desire for the equal rights of education for migrant children,the realistic shortage of education supplies and the contrast of urban and rural education resources have strengthen the educational rights protection motivation of migrant workers.However,education resources are regional,and the distribution of education resources and education system of the relevant government departments are also regional.Several influences,including the cultural background,the composition of the population,the government bureaucrats’ consciousness,have determined the way of the government responds to the education demands of migrant children,as well as the educational rights protection of migrant workers.In this paper,two main paths for migrant workers to secure their education rights were discussed:politicization and institutionalization.Politicization is the way which people resort to public opinion to solve the problem due to the lack of system that people can rely on.Institutionalization is the way which government solves problems humanly out of the respect for the market.The former path is the initiative response of the public to passive aggressive way of problem dealing of the government.The latter path meant the government solves the problem initiatively.The basic presuppositions of this study were:the weaker the bureaucratic consciousness in immigrant cities,the more institutional protecting educational rights for the migrant workers;the more concentrated the education resources and the lower the opening degree in immigration cities,the more politicized path for the migrant workers to secure their education rights.This article selected three immigration cities such as Shenzhen,Xiamen and Beijing to carry out data evidence and system analysis,it had the following findings:the more immigrants cities such as Shenzhen and Xiamen,the more institutionalized;the weaker bureaucratic consciousness,the more institutionalized;and the more unequal public services such as education of Beijing and Shanghai,which college entrance rate,medical and cultural resources are much higher than the rest of the country,the more politicized.The reason for different path selection was the concentration degree of education resources such as college entrance rate,medical resources and cultural resources,etc.Generally,the more concentrated the degree of the resources,the more exclusive of the government officials and urban resident.Further inference was that the development of economy which relying on the market and power had set the ways of solving problems of government and the people.This study discussed the correlation between the path for migrant workers to secure educational right and the local government’s political thinking.The paper can enrich theoretical research achievement of securing educational rights of migrant workers to some extents,and may inspire the thinking of urban governance in order to promote government policy more initiative and forward-looking. |
