Back To Origin:the Logic Of Household Action In Village Governance

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the Comprehensively Deepening Reforms have entered a deep-water zone.And the rural reform is the most important.Village governance is the core notive of rural deepening reform,"democratic election,democratic decision-making,democratic management,democratic supervision" are effective ways to permit villagers to realize self-management,self-education and self-service.With the scientific implementing of"Four Democracies",the majority of peasants can perform democratic rights,Participate in decision-making public affairs,manage public resources and safeguard their own interests.The village governance of the autonomous form will bring peasants into the Comprehensively Deepening Reforms System of the countryside,which will exert the subjective initiative and creativity of the peasants,and finally realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation together.The main content of villager autonomy is village governance.As the main body of governance,villagers,at the core position in the whole village governance process,are the smallest governance unit of villager autonomy,while the household is the basic unit of village governance.In the mountainous area of northwest Hubei Province,the villagers,being involved in village governance,often expand benefit calculations and make decisions in the household for unit,the individual will obey the household decisions,and the household constitutes a logical origin of the clique action.In this sense,households are the origin of village governance and the basic unit of village governance.In order to implement orderly and effective village governance,our view of research is not only in the "village" level,but also from the village to the "households".This paper,taking the logic of the household action as the object and being based on the theory of the new institutional cost-benefit,studies the household rationality in the village governance and how to guide the public rationality,and accomplish the transformation from rational villager to rational citizen from perspective of the household.Through in-depth interviews,the author obtains a considerable amount of research data.To study the household action logic of the three villages in northwest Hubei province in the areas of"democratic elections,democratic decision-making,democratic supervision",this article will capture the typical cases from the data.The logic of this writing is:firstly,the author proposes that "household" is the origin of village governance;secondly,the author analysis the reasonability of logic of household action;thirdly,the paper tells the privacy of the household action logic;fourthly,it introduces that public rationality is the proper reason for the logic of household action;fifth,the author tells how to realize the fusion of public rationality and household action logic.Through a detailed study of the cases,this article found:1.In the mountainous countryside of northwest Hubei Province,the villagers are basically making the public choices in the unit of household.2.VVhen participating in the village governance,the household mainly takes the "cost-benefit" of the criterion in making public choices,and takes into account the collective benefit of villages;3.The household action logic is based on the consideration of the "cost-benefit",which is reasonable"private".The household rationality,in some specific space-time and the events,is the impetus of the Village development,but in other specific space-time and events,it will also lead to "eollective irrational",becoming the obstacle of village governance.Because the limited rationality of household is not only the motive force of village development,but also can lead to collective irrational,to attain good village governance,we need to respect reasonable privacy,while also guiding the household to public rationality.These three discoveries are also where this article tries to innovate.However,because the limitations of resources and capacity,there are some questions in this paper,like the insufficient resources,and inadequate solutions for different types of villages,which are also the directions of continuing researches in the future.