A Study On The Demand And Supply Of Home-based Care Services For "Special Old Man" In Urban Communities

The rapid development of population aging,family care and institutional care highlight a variety of drawbacks in practice.However,at present,the development of community endowment services appears inadequate and inappropriate.And the number of special elderly groups is rising,which is also the group most in need of community providing old-age services.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to study the supply and demand of community pension services for the special elderly in urban communities,and to put forward suggestions for the development of community pension services.Based on a sample of 510 special elderly people in urban communities,this paper uses descriptive analysis,Pearson correlation analysis and interview cases to analyze the demand and related factors of the old-age service for "special elderly" in urban communities,as well as the supply situation and existing problems of the old-age service.In this study,"special elderly" is defined as the elderly over 60 years old,empty nesters,widowed elderly,disabled elderly,elderly living alone,lonely elderly.In terms of the demand for "special elderly" pension services in urban communities,first of all,most of the "special elderly" in cities hope that the community can provide pension services to compensate for the deterioration of family pension functions.Generally speaking,emergency rescue,rehabilitation care and social interaction are the urgent needs of all the elderly.There are also some differences in the needs of different special elderly people.Among them,the needs of disabled and elderly people for community pension services are more urgent than those of other elderly people.The community should be inclined to provide life care services(such as meal delivery,trusteeship care,etc.).Old people living alone,empty nesters,widowed elderly and lonely elderly people need more social communication and spiritual comfort services.When providing neighborhood help,fixed housekeeping services and psychological counseling services,the community should be inclined to them.There are differences in the needs of different special elderly people.In order to find out the related factors of special elderly people's needs,this paper analyses the relevant factors from five aspects: personal characteristics,economic status,health status,children's situation and the situation of being cared for.It is concluded that age,self-care level,marital status,monthly income,number of children,living style and care are the significant factors affecting their demand for community home-based pension services.The main related factors of social interaction are marital status and the number of children;the main related factors of emergency rescue are age,self-care degree,monthly income and living style;the main related factors of rehabilitation nursing are age,education level,self-care degree,monthly income and living style(whether living alone);the main related factors of spiritual comfort are education level,urban and rural household registration,self-care process.The main related factors of life care are self-care ability and living style.The main related factors of hospice care are the number of children,education level and self-care level.Based on the analysis of the demand for community endowment service,this paper further studies the basic situation of urban community endowment service,the matching degree between supply and demand and the problems in the process of service supply.The study found that the "special elderly" community pension service supply is insufficient,the matching degree between supply and demand is low,and the substantive service is not much;the supply process of community pension still has the problems of insufficient funds,insufficient social support,insufficient human resources,lack of social communication platform;secondly,the self-evaluation satisfaction of "special elderly" to community pension service is also low.Finally,on the basis of summarizing the community endowment service,this paper puts forward the measures to provide the urban community endowment service: first,we should vigorously develop the home community endowment service and pay attention to the needs of special elderly endowment service.Emergency rescue and medical care are the most urgent needs of the "special old people".We need to promote the development of community medical services.Secondly,in order to meet the different needs of all kinds of "special elderly people",the community needs to establish information files for community care,implement Internet + pension services,improve the differentiated policies and regulations of special elders,and establish a multi-level supply system for elderly services.Finally,in view of the shortage of funds and human resources in the provision of community endowment services,it is suggested that the government should take the lead in providing diversified community endowment services and improve the supervision of community endowment services.