A Study On The Transition Of Management System Of Qingdao National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone

China began establishing National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone(abbreviated as National High-tech Zone)in 1991,and the number of hi-tech zones has increased from the initial 26 to 169 so far.During the starting stage,the management system of high-tech zones mostly focused on industrial development,pursuing streamlined institutions,flexible operation and efficiency first,which has greatly promoted the rapid development of high-tech industries and made irreplaceable contributions to economic and social development.Previous studies on the management system of high-tech zones have deeply reflected the historical context of the development of high-tech zones in the past three decades.China has witnessed rapid economic and social development since the reform and opening up,with changes in the external environment,high-tech zones have increasingly exhibited a new development trend that focuses on independent innovation,with more new players and expanding geographical scope,etc.A management system that can adapt to the changing economic situation has become the key to achieving leapfrog development in almost all high-tech zones.Taking the Qingdao National High-Tech Industrial Development Zone as an example,this paper analyzes and explains how high-tech zones in china transform their management system under the new economic and social situation to overcome inherent problems and external development bottlenecks,achieving greater social benefits in specific development areas.This paper details the development history and management system of Qingdao Hi-tech Zone since its establishment,and points out major administrative,social and market problems faced by its management system transformation endeavor against current development challenges brought by regional governance capabilities,risk of uncertainties,administrative system regression and so on,such as the issue of chaotic administrative organization relations,dislocated management of affairs concerning people's livelihoods and unclear government-market boundaries.Further to this,the paper elaborates on the reasons behind these issues,including deviation of regional function positioning from the original development goals,lack of independent administrative subject status of the Management Committee,and system design confined by bureaucratic framework.Through the extensive literature review and field research,the author introduces the experience&practices as well as reform measures of some overseas high-tech zones in Silicon Valley,Tsukuba,France,and that of Shenzhen,Shanghai,and Jinan in China,in their management system transformation effort,and the implications for the management system transformation of Qingdao Hi-tech Zone,particularly the follow the reform direction of market-orientation and de-administration,enhancing the ability to compete for resources in the upper level and coordinate resources allocation in an efficient way so as to release the vitality of institutional mechanisms.Through analysis,the paper arrives at the following conclusion that in order for Qingdao High-tech Zone to reenter the list of top-grade national hi-tech zones in china,it needs to set out from its practical situation and regional positioning to design and implement a management system featuring joint management of both government and enterprises-"Management Committee+Enterprises".The paper then proposes specific measures including perfecting top-level design,reforming personnel management and adopting innovative management methods,all of which fully embody the original aspiration for the hi-tech zone's management system to adapt to its technological innovation ability and enhance its independent innovation capability,in order to transform the high-tech zone from a region that mainly relies on establishing policy advantages to achieve rapid development to a region relies primarily on internal system advantages to achieve sustainable development,promote the high-tech zone as an economic development function zone to attract internal and external resources,and focus on its main responsibilities and businesses to unleash its development potential and vitality.