Evaluation Of China's Affordable Housing Policy Based On The Perspective Of Policy Tools

With the major changes in China 's economic system and the rapid advancement of urbanization,urban "sandwich layers" have begun to breed and spread,and the demand for housing by low-and middle-income groups is increasing,and affordable housing has become an important issue for governments at all levels to solve the problem of livelihood means.The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "the house is used for living,not used for speculation" in order to achieve the goal of "living and living".However,during the further advancement of the affordable housing policy,problems such as unclear government responsibilities,inadequate policy measures,and incomplete legal systems have emerged,especially the inconsistency between policy design goals and practical results.The rational choice of policy tools is of great significance to the goal of affordable housing policy.There are many achievements in the existing research on the evolution of affordable housing policy system and evaluation of policy performance,but the research on the connection between the main body and policy content of affordable housing policy from the perspective of housing policy tools is still lacking.Based on this idea,this paper conducts problem-oriented research.The research object of this article is 97 affordable housing policies released between 1994 and 2019.First,the Note Express system was used to collect and organize domestic and foreign literature on housing policy evaluation.Secondly,text mining method,literature analysis method,and quantitative analysis method are selected as the quantitative analysis tools in this research.At the same time,define the concepts of affordable housing,public policy and policy tools.Based on the dominance of policy subjects,the communication of policy tools,and the output of policy content,a "subject-tool-content"policy analysis framework was established.In the dimension of policy subjects,through statistical analysis of the types and distribution characteristics of policy subjects,the social network map is used to construct a collinear relationship between policy promulgators and participants.In the dimension of policy tools,the use of supply-type,demand-type,and environmental-type policy tools is presented in a graphical manner,and there is an intuitive understanding of the use of China's affordable housing policy tools.In the policy content dimension,a PMC evaluation model is constructed,and an evaluation system consisting of 10 first-level indicators and 50 second-level indicators is established,and the visual results of the policy content evaluation are obtained through the PMC surface,thereby improving the missing indicators of the policy content.At the same time,interactive analysis is performed on subjects,tools,and content,and two-dimensional analysis charts of policy subjects and policy tools,policy tools,and policy content are established respectively.Through research,from the perspective of policy subjects,policy subjects are divided into three different levels.National policy subjects with comprehensive guiding significance are the first category,and the second category is national ministries and commissions and the national bureaus they manage.Issued independently,the third category is jointly issued by national ministries and commissions and national bureaus managed by it;the composition of policy subjects includes 26 policy promulgators and 52 policy participants.The promulgators are mainly the State Council,the General Office of the State Council,and ministries and commissions.Participants are relatively large in scale,extending to the functional departments of various ministries and commissions.The degree of cooperation among policy subjects is relatively low,and the subjects of policy promulgation and policy participants in different periods show a radiant-diffusive-close feature.In the three periods of the development of affordable housing policies,policy tools were used the most during the development and promotion stages,and they were mainly environment-based.Policy tools should be given new connotations during the development of the times,combined with the characteristics of low-income groups' demand for affordable housing.From the perspective of policy content evaluation,the 10 affordable housing policies evaluated as a whole show a rising trend of fluctuations,among which policies P1,P2,P4,P5,P9 and P10 are excellent levels,and the rest are acceptable levels;PMC of 10 policies The index scores higher in policy objectives,policy functions,policy timeliness,and policy areas,while the scores of policy nature,guarantee incentives,policy directions,and policy objects are low,and amendments and indicators on the lower PMC index and variables are needed perfect.Finally,the two-dimensional analysis of the policy subjects and policy tools,policy tools and policy content were performed.The use of policy tools in the first category is larger than that in the third category,and the choice of policy tools is more uneven.The proportion of environmental policy tools is the highest,and the use of demand and supply policy tools should be increased.The two-dimensional analysis of policy content and policy tools shows a high degree of mismatch between them.Paying attention to the diversity of policy content and the choice of policy tools is of great significance to the implementation and implementation of affordable housing policies.