Practice Research On The Social Case Work To Enhance Self-efficacy Of The Bereaved Elderly

In 2018,the newly revised law Elderly People's Rights and Protection of the People's Republic of China proposed the goal of “care for the elderly”,“medical services for the elderly”,“achievement in elderly”,“never too old to learn”,“happiness in elderly”.The guarantee of government policies and the support of material resources which are necessary to realize the "happiness in elderly" vision.But more important is the mental health of the elderly,especially special elderly groups should be given enough attention.Only when the psychological condition of the elderly is good,can the "happiness" of the elderly be truly realized.As an old saying goes “lost father at an early age,widowed at middle age,and be childless in the elderly”,there are three kinds of unfortunately in the world.Someone had lots of children and grandchildren,which for Chinese people is the best luck possible.Also represents the Chinese good expectations of family reunion and prosperity.It is difficult for ordinary people to understand the pain of losing children in the elderly.For the elderly who have suffered the sadness of losing their children,self-efficacy is an important index to measure their psychological state.The level of self-efficacy of bereaved elderly can reflect their confidence in their own abilities to some extent.Studies have shown that there is a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy,subjective well-being and life satisfaction.There is a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy,anxiety and depression levels.So,the self-efficacy level of the bereaved elderly can reflect their psychological state to a certain extent.In the face of difficulties and challenges,self-efficacy will affect the individual's behavior choice,effort level,thinking mode and emotional response mode,and ultimately affect the result of action.The writer contacted with the elderly Z,an old woman who had lost her sons,in A community of Nanchang,Jiangxi province during the three months internship.According to the comprehensive assessment of the Life Event Scale,Geriatric Depression Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale of the Elderly,it was found that Z's self-efficacy was low.In order to help the bereaved elderly Z to improve her self-efficacy,in combination with Bandura's four methods and social work methods and skills,intervened from three aspects,namely,the physiological health,psychological adjustment and social relations of the elderly Z.In this process,to help the bereaved elderly Z restoring physical and mental balance,repairing the relationship between family members.In strength perspective,givingfull play to the advantages and potential of elderly Z to help the elderly who with similar bereavement in the community out of difficulties.Through empowerment,she can participate in community volunteer service groups,play a positive role in community governance and rebuild herself.This study found that there were differences among the four methods of improving self-efficacy.Firstly,the positive example is weak for the experienced and weather-beaten bereaved elderly Z.Secondly,waking up the bereaved old people's positive emotions,can be as the psychological preparation for her change.Thirdly,the encouragement and praise from primary groups to the bereaved elderly Z can provide her with the motivation to move forward and promote the harmony of their relationship.Finally,it is important to increase the successful experience of the elderly Z.It can be carried out from the inside to outside,from the physiological health to the family relationship and the social participation.