Function Adjustment,Structural Optimization And Holistic Government Construction

The reform of government institutions is an important part in the reform of administrative system.From 1996 to 2001,the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system was the third major administrative reform after the Meiji Restoration and the post-World War II democratic reform.At the turn of the century,the reform of the Super-Ministry system in Japan is faced with international and local challenges.Under the international background,the original "1 government 22 provincial department " provincial department system is facing the pressure from aging,information,globalization.In the domestic context,Japan's political,economic,social and other environmental systems have changed and shortcomings of the existing institutional are increasingly revealing,central provincial reform and reorganization is unstoppable.Except for The government over restricts the market economy to restrain the economic development tendency causes the national to question the government function,requests the government to relax the restriction to release the enterprise competition vigor,enhances the government service level.Therefore,this reform is not limited to the reform of the organization,namely,the reorganization of the central provincial department,but also included the transformation of the mode of development of the market economy and the reconstruction of the relations between the central and the local authorities.the main purpose of this reform is shift the bureaucrat-oriented policy-making mode to politics-oriented mode,to establish a large-sector system,avoid decentralization,multi-government,pursue a lean small government,and reform a number of related systems with it.In view of the similar administrative,cultural background and historical track between our country and Japan,this paper studies the reform of the large part system in Japan,summarizes the experience and lessons,and provides profound reference significance for our country to continue to deepen the institutional reform in the future.During the period from 1996 to 2001,through the drastic reform of the central departments and provincial departments,Japan finally formed a Super-Ministry system of "one government and 12 provincial departments ",and constructed the holistic structure of the most competent central government core institutions in the major developed countries,which achieved remarkable results.Based on the theory of structural functionalism and the holistic government theory,this paper studies the functional adjustment,structural optimization and the construction of the holistic government in Japan.Based on the theory of structure functionalism,this paper expounds the two main contents of function adjustment and structure optimization in the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system,and from the perspective of holistic government theory,how the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system establishes structural coordination mechanism and procedural coordination mechanism to construct the holistic government.The content of the thesis is divided into six chapters.The first chapter is to introduce the layout of the thesis,the background,significance of the research,the situation of the Chinese and Japanese scholars on the reform of the Japanese Super-Ministry system,as well as the research methods and theoretical tools.The second chapter is to sort out the course of the reform of Japanese government institutions,according to different periods of time,divide it into democratic reform in the early postwar period under the leadership of the united states,efficiency-oriented reform in the period of rapid economic growth,decentralized reform in the period of low economic growth,,and bubble economic collapse period of the Super-Ministry system reform.The third chapter is to analyze the background and aim of the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system.The changes of external administrative ecology and the corruption of the bureaucracy within Japanese government institutions are two background factors driving the country's major reforms.The aim of this reform is to construct the overall government by transforming into a development-oriented government and establishing a coordinated mechanism.The fourth chapter is to analyze the functional adjustment in the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system,namely,how to construct the procedural cooperation mechanism.This paper mainly analyzes the process functions in the Japanese political system: the improvement of five functions,such as policy decision-making,policy consultation,policy implementation,policy openness and policy completion,so as to promote policy coordination,so as to realize the separation and balance of "decision-making,execution and supervision ".The fifth chapter is to analyze the structural optimization in the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system,namely,how to construct synergy mechanism.This paper mainly analyzes the power relations between the central institutions and institutions of Japan,the government and the society,the central and local authorities,and the adjustment and regulation of the functional boundaries,so as to realize the transformation of the government function to "market supervision,economic regulation,social management and public service ".The sixth chapter is to evaluate and reflect on the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system and the enlightenment of the holistic government construction in the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system.The achievements of the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system are self-evident,but the defects and shortcomings in the process of its concrete realization are also worth summing up.Based on the overall evaluation of the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system,this paper analyzes how the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system constructs the holistic government,and then summarizes the enlightenment of the whole government construction in the reform of Japanese Super-Ministry system.