Study On The Alteration Of Classification For Discipline In Chinese University

From the "Seven Disciplines" in late Qing Dynasty to the current discipline classification,the comprehensive cross discipline has sprung up and become a new research topic in the field of higher education.The classification of university disciplines in China has gone through a long and tortuous process.This study takes time as a clue,using literature method,comparative method,historical method,case analysis method and other research methods,expounds the classification and characteristics of university disciplines in four historical periods of China in the late Qing Dynasty,the Republic of China,the founding of new China,and since the reform and opening-up.The focus of this study is to analyze the current classification of universities and their characteristics and problems since the reform and opening-up,and put forward some corresponding countermeasures.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,because of the influenced by "Western learning",Chinese traditional intellectuals began to transform,western academics were recognized in the Chinese academic circles,the system of classification of subjects with modern significance was established.However,in the historical background of the feudal society,the intellectuals at the end of the Qing Dynasty had the inevitable limitations.They lack critical and rational attitudes towards the transplantation of Western disciplines.In the guidance of "Apply Chinese studies in the West",take the discipline,abandon the philosophy subject.The Republic of China era,in order to meet the needs of social development,the national government has carried out a series of reforms on the educational system.In terms of university discipline classification,the abolition of the Confucism reflects the educational ideology of thoroughly anti feudalism,and the establishment of the philosophy department made our discipline classification more complete and more scientific,which has important progress significance.At the same time,the universities in the period of the Republic of China had a big right to set up a majorsubject,which had a positive effect on the formation of their own school characteristics.At the beginning of the new Chinese establishment(from new Chinese establishment to the "Cultural Revolution"),the education of our country completely copied the Soviet model,university no longer has the right to set up a subject,how to classify the subject is entirely determined by the government,and completely negating the "general talent" education idea and advocating "special talent" education model,In order to cultivate the "experts",the division of the subject is too meticulously,this causing students' specialty scope is too narrow.Attach great importance to engineering and reduce a large number of subjects,which have brought many adverse effects on the training of talents and the development of the subject.Because of Chinese higher education system was largely destroyed in the period of the "Cultural Revolution",in the research of the classification of university disciplines,this study skipped the period of the "Cultural Revolution".Since the reform and opening-up,the classification of subjects in China has been further improved on the system level,the division of discipline becomes wider,lots of interdisciplinary subjects have appeared,the proportion of engineering and liberal arts tends to be coordinated,government power has devolved,However,there are still some shortcomings,for example,under the background of " streamlining administration and delegating power",the government has gradually given the power of examination and approval to set up majors in Colleges and universities.However,for a long time,colleges and universities are in a passive obedience position,and lack of subjective consciousness and independent ability leads to the lack of implementation of their autonomy;The sorts of the subjects are too limited,primary discipline,two level disciplines and three level disciplines the more the division the more the number and the finer.The classification of subjects is not scientific enough,and it excessively pursued the large and complete pattern;The structure of the subject does not match the demand of the market,which causes the waste of talents.The scientific nature of the classification of subjects must be improved.Therefore the scientific nature of the classification of subjects must be improved,carrying out the autonomy of University,match the structure of the subject with the demand of themarket.Learn from history and know the rise and fall.The purpose of this study is to learn from history,and with the view of development,objectively viewed the existing problems in the classification of the current university disciplines,find a solution to the problem,put forward constructive suggestions for the more perfect classification system of our universities,contribute to the development of higher education in China.