The Cultivation Of High School Students' Historical Cognition Ability

Historical cognition is a theoretical term in historiography.In most cases,it refers to the cognition obtained by historical researchers through historical research.In the course of teaching practice,the author finds that it is not impossible to introduce historical cognition into history teaching in senior high school,and thinks that historical cognition is a process,which includes five links:the beginning of historical cognition,the consciousness of historical materials,and the importance of historical knowledge.Causes the historical imagination;carries on the historical explanation;forms the historical rationality.To cultivate high school students undefined ability to understand history does not require them to study history as attentively as history researchers,but students should know how history comes from and should know that there are many interpretations of history.On this basis,the students gradually realized the rigorous attitude of historians in the study of history,and then influenced by this spirit,and formed the emotion of taking history seriously and rationally understanding history in the course of learning history.The first is the beginning of historical understanding.For high school students,a certain historical event begins to be recognized from their own interests or questions raised by teachers in the classroom.However,due to the limited time of high school students,the source of their understanding of most history is history classroom.Historical materials play a fundamental role in the study of history,and high school students should also have awareness of historical materials in their history study.Students should first understand the definition and classification of historical materials,and then learn to identify and analyze historical materials.Only historical materials do not succeed,because history is complex,and not all history can be described by ink and pen.Therefore,on the basis of a broad view of historical materials,we must make the necessary historical imagination.That is to put oneself in a position to experience the information which the historical material has not expressed.On the basis of the first three steps,the next step is to integrate these real historical materials with the imagination based on the real historical data,that is,to clear the relationship between the statement of historical facts,which is the historical interpretation.The ultimate purpose of historical cognition is to form a rational understanding of history,that is,to form historical rationality.In a sense,historical reason is a correct view of history,which not only has a scientific method of understanding history,but also has the concern of some humanistic spirit.Historical rationality is not only the final result of the first four steps,but also accompanied by the first four steps.