Research On The Career Women’s Fertility Desire And Its Influence Factors Under The Background Of Universal Two-child Policy

In 1980,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that family planning should adopt legislative,administrative and economic measures to encourage couples to have only one child.The implementation of the family planning policy in China for more than 30 years has led to the main contradiction of China’s population from too fast growth to the disappearance of demographic dividend,approaching the ultra-low fertility rate,population aging,sex ratio imbalance at birth and other problems.In order to solve these problems,China promulgated the policy of "two children,only one child and two children" in November 2011,followed by the implementation of the policy of "two children if they are only one child" in December 2013.In October 2015,the communique of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China pointed out that:adhere to the basic state policy of family planning,actively carry out actions to cope with the aging of the population,and in January 2016 began to implement the "universal two-child policy".However,the implementation effect of the "universal two-child" policy is obviously lower than the expected level,and the birth rate has not bounced back.In 2019,the national birth rate hit a record low,and the "universal two-child" policy has not fully played an effective role.As the undertaker of fertility behavior,women’s fertility intention has a direct impact on fertility behavior and fertility level.In addition,in contemporary society,women’s sense of independence is gradually enhanced,their education level and income level are constantly improving,and more and more women enter the society and the workplace.The scale of professional women group is gradually expanding,and they are becoming more rational and prudent in their reproductive choices.Therefore,it is of great significance to promote the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy in China and improve and optimize the population structure of China by studying the fertility intention of professional women and its influencing factors.Based on the background of the universal two-child policy and after extensive reading of relevant literature on fertility intention and fertility behavior,this thesis takes professional women in Jiangbei New District,Nanjing City as the survey objects,and designs and issues a questionnaire on fertility intention from three perspectives: individual,family and society.After the basic data were collected,SPSS was used for processing and analysis.Cross analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to explain the magnitude and direction of the influence of different factors on fertility intention.Through the analysis of the survey data,it can be found that the professional women in Jiangbei New District of Nanjing are not willing to have a second child as a whole,and the main reasons for restricting the sample to have a second child are the high cost of rearing,too much harm to the body,beyond the optimal childbearing age and too difficult to educate children.Of Nanjing Jiangbei district through regression analysis found that working women have two children will produce correlation factors mainly include the following aspects: female nature of the industry,job,family monthly income,the existing number of children,birth time interval,professional conflicts and unit support,local medical endowment insurance perfect understanding degree and two child policy.Based on the analysis of the survey results and the factors that influence professional women to have a second child,the intention to have a second child can be improved from the special welfare subsidies for the second child,the protection of women’s rights and interests,the improvement of supporting systems and the increase of publicity and guidance.This thesis thinks that the government and society should increase the support for raising children,and build a complete reproductive system;Employers should advocate humanism,refuse to gender discrimination and other workplace issues;Professional women themselves should think rationally,constantly improve their competitive strength,establish a positive view of childbearing,and actively plan their career and life.