Research On The Effect And System Optimization Of Autonomous Training Of Postgraduates Of The "Minority Backbone Program"

As a special higher education policy with Chinese characteristics,"the High-level Backbone Talent Program for Ethnic Minorities" was jointly issued by the Ministry of Education,the National Development and Reform Commission,the National Civil Affairs Commission,the Ministry of Finance,and the Ministry of Personnel,which contributes to the development of ethnic education in the western and ethnic minority areas with relatively backward economic development.It is an important constituent of China's higher education as well as a crux system design in China's ethnic education.The cultivation of high-level backbone talents of ethnic minorities as a kind of postgraduate training,whose quality of students is relatively miscellaneous,is different from general postgraduate training due to its special enrollment principles.According to the Implementation Plan for the Cultivation of the High-level Backbone Talents Program for Ethnic Minorities formulated and issued by the five ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Education in June 2005,graduate students admitted to the program need to have one-year basic intensive training at the designated training base,and only after passing the training can they enter the colleges or universities for postgraduate study." Above-mentioned stipulation means that the cultivation of postgraduates in the backbone program is composed of two parts,the basic intensive training and the postgraduate training.In September 2013,the Ministry of Education issued the Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Issuing the 2014 Enrollment Plan for Graduate Students of High-level Backbone Talents of Ethnic Minorities initiating the adjustment for the basic intensive training phase among the postgraduates enrolled in 2014: "Candidates who meet the re-test scores and requirements determined by the institutions can be exempted from one-year basic intensive training and directly start the post-graduate study."In May 2017,the Ministry of Education once again adjusted the basic intensive training for postgraduates of the backbone program,issuing "Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Education on Adjusting the Basic Intensive Training forPostgraduates of the "High-level Backbone Talent Program for Ethnic Minorities"(Jiaomin Hall [2017] No.5).This document pointed out: "postgraduates admitted to institutions after 2017(including 2017)directly enter the enrollment institutions for independent basic intensive training,and concentrated intensive basic training will no longer be arranged separately." Since then,the era of concentrated intensive basic training was gone while the independent basic intensive training from colleges and universities officially started.It became a new focus of how to carry out intensive training for postgraduates of the Program and the training effect.In this research,the author of the paper takes S University,which had set up a basic intensive training base,as the research site,and keeps the postgraduates studying in the backbone program as the main research objects,and conducts one-on-one interviews with the main person in charge of the former training base,the teachers in the former training base,and individual backbone students.Meanwhile,the author of the paper sorts out the relevant policy texts,clarifies the goals and priorities of the basic intensive training,makes a longitudinal and horizontal contrastive analysis of the questionnaire data and interview materials recovered,and comprehensively comprehends the implementation effect before and after the policy adjustment of “the High-level Backbone Talent Program for Ethnic Minorities” regarding the basic intensive training phase.The survey found that postgraduates who have concentrated basic intensive training have a better understanding of ethnic policies and theories than those with independent basic intensive training in colleges and universities,and they also have a higher degree of recognition of the directional employment and other regulations in the Program than independent training postgraduates;However,those with independent basic intensive training are more satisfied with the basic intensive course setting than those with concentrated basic intensive training,while the students who are concentrated in intensive training have better adaptability than the students who are independently trained during the postgraduate stage.Based on the above survey results,this article summarizes and attributes the effect of independent training in Colleges and universities,conducts an in-depth analysis of the issues during the implementation of policies,and proposes improvement measures as reference for optimizing college independent training systems.