Research On The Current Situation Of Enterprises' Participation In Thespecialty Construction Of Higher Vocational Colleges

Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "improve the vocational education and training system,deepen the integration of production and education,and school-enterprise cooperation",School-enterprise cooperation in vocational education has ushered in a new development opportunity.The central government has made important arrangements to deepen school-enterprise cooperation.In particular,the “National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan”(Guo Fa[2019]No.4)issued by the State Council in January 2019 has become the top-level design and construction blueprint for a new round of reform in vocational colleges.Vocational colleges and experts and scholars across the country have launched a series of activities to interpret "20 vocational education items",in order to deepen the cooperation between schools and promote the formation of acommunity of sharedfuture between vocational colleges and industry enterprises.Reviewing the development of higher vocational education,"serving the regional economy and cultivating highly-skilled high-skilled talents" has always been the main theme of higher vocational colleges.At present,we are facing a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation,how to continue to promote the targeted output of high-quality skilled personnel in higher vocational colleges has become a research hotspot.Therefore,this study takes specialty construction of higher vocational colleges as the research object and the perspective of corporate participation as the research perspective.It focuses on the main issues of the analysis of the status of enterprises' participation in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges,in order to deepen the content and level of school enterprise-cooperation from the dimension of "introducing enterprises into education",so as to achieve the "same frequency resonance" between talent cultivation and social demand in higher vocational colleges.This research is divided into five parts.The first part defines the basic connotation of specialtyconstruction in higher vocational colleges from the theoretical approach,and provides an analytical framework for the evaluation index construction and current situation research of subsequent enterprises' participation in specialtyconstruction.And from the theoretical perspective of stakeholders and system theory,it is clear that the important value orientation of enterprises' participation in the specialtyconstruction of higher vocational colleges is based on the symbiotic logical relationship of mutual benefit and win-win between the university and the enterprise.The research shows that the value implication of enterprises participating in higher vocational colleges is mainly manifested in three aspects: improving students' comprehensive quality and ability,improving the quality of specialty construction,and effectively connecting the demands of enterprises.The second part mainly analyzes the current situation of enterprises' participation in the specialty construction of Chongqing higher vocational colleges,and aims to provide realistic reference value for subsequent empirical research.By sorting out the policy documents about Chongqing enterprises' participation in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges in recent years,it has been found that in the process of policy evolution,the content and requirements of enterprises' participation in specialty construction in higher vocational colleges are more detailed and specific.At present,enterprises' participation in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges is mainly presented through such forms as students' order classes,modern apprenticeships,industrial colleges,and internal and external training bases.It is specifically expressed in four aspects: To set up a professional steering committee and to build a professional management system;The school and enterprise work together to develop the curriculum system and teaching content;According to the needs and requirements of the school,the enterprise will jointly build a high-quality "full-time and part-time" teaching staff;Schools and enterprises take practical training bases inside and outside the school as a carrier to jointly carry out practical teaching together.The third part is mainly to construct an index system for evaluating enterprises' participation in specialty construction in higher vocational colleges.This study builds on the existing professional evaluation index system of higher vocational colleges,based on the common requirements and internal laws of specialty construction,and takesschool students as the survey object and the enterprise participation as the research perspective to construct evaluation indicators applicable to this study system,Among them,student evaluation and enterprise participation are important value orientations for the construction of the indicator system.Index selection follows the guiding principle,systematic principle and operational principle.The evaluation index system of the enterprise's participation in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges includes four first-level indicators: curriculum construction,teaching staff,practical teaching,talent quality and 11 specific second-level indicators.By using AHP and Delphi method,the weight of each index item is determined and implemented layer by layer,and all of them pass the test,so as to make data preparation for the next stage of empirical research.In the fourth part,on the basis of the above discussion,the sophores and juniors from 6 national model(backbone)higher vocational colleges in chongqing are selected as the survey objects,and evaluated and scored the current situation of enterprises' participation in the specialty construction of vocational colleges by issuing questionnaires.It is found that the comprehensive score of enterprises participating in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges is 2.8081,At present,the level and degree of enterprises 'participation in specialty construction needs to be improved.Enterprises' participation in specialty construction in higher vocational colleges faces the real bottlenecks such as harmony but not deep,harmony but not fusion.The problem of "emphasis on form and emphasis on substance" in school-enterprise cooperation still exists.The specific problems are manifested in three aspects: the structural arrangement of the school-enterprise curriculum system still needs to be optimized,the overall quantity and quality of part-time teachers need to be improved,and the practical teaching environment and management mechanism need to be improved.The fifth part,based on the current situation reflected by the empirical research,puts forward suggestions for enterprises to participate in the specialty construction of higher vocational colleges.On the one hand,it starts from building a cooperation platform for enterprises to participate,Firstly,it is necessary to strengthen the coordination and cooperation between organizations outside the school,the industry and the school's professional steering committees,vocational education groups,and other organizations in the process of participating in specialty construction,so as to promote the formation of educational synergy among the school-enterprise subjects;At the same time,establish an incentive and compensation mechanism,improve the enthusiasm ofenterprises to participate,and promote higher vocational colleges and enterprises to form a "community of destiny" that learns from each other;In addition,the rights and responsibilities of school-enterprise participation should be clarified,the specialty construction management mechanism should be improved,and the participation effectiveness of various stakeholders should be properly exerted.On the other hand,from the internal perspective of specialty construction,the specific path for enterprises to participate in specialty construction should be improved.First of all,the course structure should be adjusted to encourage enterprises to participate in the construction of the course system,so as to achieve targeted training of high-quality skilled talents required by enterprises;Secondly,improve the quality of teachers and encourage part-time teachers to participate in pre-service training,so as to promote the quality of teaching;Finally,the training base is continuously optimized,and a complete practical teaching system is established,so as to create a better environment for improving students' professional quality.