Research On Coupling Relationship Between Human Capital And Industrial Structure And Its Effects On Employment In China

As two important driving force for the development of economy,human capital and industrial structure have a complex interactive relationship.Whether the quantity and structure of human capital match the industrial structure or not is an important explanation for the economic fluctuation,employment change and income gap of workers.Firstly,based on the theory of coupling theory,this paper constructs an evaluation model of the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure,and calculates the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure in 30 provinces.Moreover,we find out the impact of the coupling between human capital and industrial structure on employment by using the data of Chinese Labor Dynamic Survey(CLDS)from 2012 to 2016.After that,conducting the heterogeneity test and spatial effect test to supplement the basic model.The result shows that:From the part of the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure we know that:(1)China's human capital and industrial structure are in the primary coordination stage and it shows a stable upward trend.The development index of human capital system is lower than that of industrial structure system,that is,the main reason for the lack of coupling is that the level of human capital cannot meet the needs of industrial structure.(2)The average level of coupling degree of the three regions is shown as "east,middle and west",and they are relatively stable.The industrial structure development index is higher than the human capital development index in the three regions,and the difference is more obvious in the central and western regions.(3)According to the comparison at the provincial level,there are also some differences among the provinces in the eastern,central and western regions,but in terms of time,they all achieve a certain degree of improvement within the original range.From the effect of employment we know that:(1)On the whole,the improvement of the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure in China will lead to an increase in the employment level of workers,that is,the reasonable matching between human capital and industrial structure can improve the employment probability of individual workers,so as to achieve more full employment of the whole society.(2)For different regions,the improvement of the coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure in eastern and central regions can significantly improve theemployment level of workers,but its effect on western regions has not been shown.For the provinces with different coupling degrees,the improvement of the coupling degree of human capital and industrial structure can significantly improve the employment level of their workers.However,compared with the middle and low coupling regions,its marginal impact on the high coupling regions is greater.(3)For different workers,human capital and industrial structure of the ascension of the coupling of over 40 employees,low skills employees and female employees,the marginal effect is stronger,which can bring more employment opportunities for vulnerable groups in the labor market,so as to improve the operation efficiency of the Labour market.(4)From the perspective of spatial dimension,in the short term,the improvement of coupling degree between human capital and industrial structure in surrounding areas may cause structural unemployment of local labor force and raise the unemployment level of labor force.However,in the long run,the improvement of the coupling degree of human capital and industrial structure in surrounding areas will attract the inflow of labor,so as to make the local employment structure more and more reasonable,and then improve the employment level of local workers,showing a significant spatial spillover effect.The above conclusions show that the developing coupling of human capital and industrial structure will release a strong impetus to support the improvement of employment level.While paying attention to the promotion of human capital and the upgrading of industrial structure,each region should pay more attention to the coordinated development of the two systems,and scientifically understand the spatial spillover effect.At present,the main reason for the lack of coupling is that the level of human capital cannot adapt to the development of industrial structure.Therefore,we should optimize the structure of human capital and improve the quantity and quality of it.For undeveloped regions which carry on the industry transfer,we should arrange higher education resources and bring in high-level personnel to improve the regional human capital carrying capacity.Also,pay attention to the trend of technology development,strengthen vocational skills training to improve the degree of human capital adaptation.Besides,We will strengthen the construction of transportation infrastructure,integrate regional public services,reduce barriers to the spatial flow of labor,improve the spatial efficiency of the whole region,and ultimately achieve higher quality and fuller employment.