Studies On Conditions,reasons And Countermeasures Of Innovation And Entrepreneur Education In Higher Vocational Students

Innovation and entrepreneurship is not only a training objective of all kinds of schools at all levels,but also a training objective of Polytechnic College.In this paper,XingTai Polytechnic College is taken as an example to discuss the experience and practice of Polytechnic College from the aspects of entrepreneurship curriculum,entrepreneurship entities and entrepreneurship policies.The first part is the introduction.In this part,the national background of mass entrepreneurship and innovation is discussed.The author hopes that this research can enrich innovation and entrepreneurship education in theory and practice.The definition,connotation and characteristics of innovation and entrepreneurship are intensively combed.Related literature review at home and abroad is analyzed in this paper.Literature research,questionnaire survey and case analysis are adopted by the author.After investigation,it is found that the enrollment scale of vocational colleges in China has been expanding in recent years,especially the enrollment expansion of 1 million people in 2019,which is not good news for the employment market in the general environment.The employment market in2022 will be directly impacted by the expansion of vocational colleges in 2019.As the development of vocational colleges is deeply valued by the state,we should change our minds in terms of the increasing support from the state for preferential policies for innovation and entrepreneurship and the employment market showing a "high demand" for high-tech talents.In fact,entrepreneurship is not as high and unattainable as you think,it is just a form of employment in line with the reality.Moreover,once entrepreneurship is successful,it will create social wealth,and create jobs can return more to the country.Vocational colleges students can not only get rich returns through entrepreneurship,but also skillfully avoid social employment pressure.Innovation and entrepreneurship are also high-level employment.Vocational colleges need to encourage students to change their original employment concepts.The second part:The author conducted a questionnaire survey in 11 vocational colleges including XingTai Polytechnic College,Hebei Institute of Machinery and Electricity,and Yantai Vocational College in Hebei,Shandong,and Sichuan provinces,and returned 998 questionnaires.In addition to the investigation of students' intention of innovation and entrepreneurship,regions,majors,factors and other aspects,the author also interviewed three teachers and students of XingTai Polytechnic College.The survey finds that the entrepreneurial areas of Polytechnic College students tend to second and third tier cities.In the intention of innovation and entrepreneurship,vocational college students from rural and urban areas are different.The motivation for employment of vocational college students in some rural birthplaces is to leave the countryside and develop their lives in big cities.The rationality of Polytechnic College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship is more realistic.Most vocational college students think that they should accumulate experience first after graduation and in school,and then start a business 2-3 years after graduation.When they deal with the failure of entrepreneurship,their heads are calm.However,the motivation of innovation and Entrepreneurship of vocational college students is insufficient,and 55.51% of them choose the projects they are interested in.They are eager to develop in the new energy,Internet plus,artificial intelligence,self media and ecological development,but they lack the capital,lack of innovation and knowledge,which can not meet the entrepreneurial needs.The third part:The reasons for innovation and entrepreneurship are analyzed.According to the theory of multiple intelligences of Howard Gardner,an American psychologist,the comprehensive quality ability of higher vocational college students is a basic requirement of innovation and entrepreneurship.In terms of innovation ability,innovation entrepreneurs should have higher language and logic ability,in terms of entrepreneurship ability,innovation entrepreneurs should have higher Introspection Ability and interpersonal relationship ability,and managers should have interpersonal wisdom.The survey also found that family environment and social relations have a certain impact on innovation and entrepreneurship,and social public opinion also has uncertain factors on the motivation of innovation and Entrepreneurship of vocational college students.A vocational college should set up innovation and entrepreneurship platforms,establish financial support and hold diversified innovation and entrepreneurship competitions.Furthermore,in order to strengthen the communication between enterprises and college students,vocational colleges should build “innovation and entrepreneurship Park”and “Incubation Park”.The fourth part:Taking the innovation and entrepreneurship education of the first batch of national model universities XingTai Polytechnic College as an example,the school should seek to build a platform,strengthen the construction of teaching staff,formulate relevant policies that are beneficial to students,and allow students to suspend school and start an undertaking.In terms of motivation,timing,opportunity,and quality of innovation and entrepreneurship education,the entrepreneurial experience of outstanding graduates is used to explain.In terms of professional title evaluation and business assessment,teachers are encouraged to carry out technological innovation and lead to the establishment of enterprises.In terms of the assessment of teachers' scientific research workload,we should improve the weight and score of patent invention.Mass publication of low-level papers is not encouraged.The fifth part : This part absorbs the practice of Chengdu Polytechnic and other vocational colleges,and then puts forward to strengthen the assessment of teachers' innovation and entrepreneurship performance,strengthen students' innovation awareness,and establish relevant institutions.At the same time,innovation and entrepreneurship is a complex system engineering.We should not only cultivate students' professional knowledge and practical ability,but also pay attention to the cultivation and selection of comprehensive ability and quality.The cultivation of students' awareness and ability of innovation and entrepreneurship should be strengthened,so that students can take innovation and entrepreneurship as a good choice for employment.In the future,even if vocational college students do not start a business,they have a better entrepreneurial ability and will gain a certain advantage in job competition after graduation.Finally,through the author's research and some practices,it is concluded that Polytechnic Colleges should sort out the awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship,and establish corresponding organizations and entities.In terms of students,relevant simulation training and practice should be properly carried out during the school period.Of course,when we carry out innovation and entrepreneurship,we should do it properly and not follow blindly.