The Problems And Solving Strategies Of The Transition From Pre-school To Primary School Education From The Perspective Of Symbiosis Theory

It is reported by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)that both the deficiencies and the lack of pre-school education may seriously affect the progress of life-long education(1996).As an important part of pre-school education,the transition from pre-school to primary school education(abbreviated as transition)plays a vital role in the life-long development of children.The ages of children in preschool and primary school are respectively called early childhood and juvenile in psychology.The typical characteristics of their psychological development are essentially different.There existing obvious differences between pre-school teaching with games and primary school teaching with lectures.The problem of "transition" is an important educational issue in the field of education,not only because of the connection between two stages of education,but also the importance of early education in the growth and development of children.The Ministry of Education of China(2001)<Guideline and Kindergarten Education Program Guidelines(for Trial Implementation)>,emphasizes that Kindergartens should work closely with families and communities,be linked with primary schools,comprehensively utilize various educational resources,and create good conditions and environment forchildren's future development,which shows that the transition works as a system,requiring joint efforts from major stakeholders,such as families,kindergartens,and schools.On May 5,2019,the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued an announcement on the launch of the National Pre-school Education Awareness Month.The theme of this activity was scientific preparation for school.The simultaneous publicity of preschools and primary schools was emphasized in relevant rules—preparing for admission not only requires Kindergartens' work,but also the active participation and cooperation of primary schools.It is necessary to organize the extensive participation of kindergartens and primary schools,carry out promotional activities synchronously,and promote the coordination and mutual connection of young children.Primary schools are encouraged to participate in supporting the preparation education of kindergarten,practically implement the requirements for exemption from entrance examinations and division to nearby kindergartens and adhere to the "zero-start" education.In this research,Songjiang District,one of the biggest population-introduced areas in 16 municipal districts of Shanghai with comparatively low education quality,was selected as a case study.This study involves research of teachers and parents of public kindergartens and primary schools,theoretically based on the symbiotic theory.A combination of research method was used,including literature analyzing,case study,investigation method and other research methods,to conduct the research.Firstly,the current situation and problems of the transition in Songjiang District are elaborated to specify the deficiencies in symbiosis unit?symbiosis model ?symbiotic environment under symbiosis theory are specified in this study.Secondly,this research analyzes the causes of the transition problem under the symbiosis theory,including the deviation of the concept of symbiotic unit connection,asymmetric reciprocity in symbiosis model and the reverse phenomenon of the symbiosis environment;Third,the countermeasures to update the transition theory,improve the symbiosis model,and optimizing the symbiosis environment are put forward,according to the three key elements of the symbiosis theory.It is found that there are still some outstanding problems in the process of the connection of preschool education.Take Songjiang District of Shanghai as an example:First,kindergarten,primary school and parents are in the array,lack of communication,interaction and cooperation between each other,and lack of sharing of their own high-quality resources,leading to the effect of the connection of preschool education not to maximize.Secondly,there are different degrees of deviation in the educational concepts of kindergartens,primary schools and parents,which leads to some problems in their own educational behaviors and affects the effect of cohesion.Third,the lack of supervision and guidance leads to the disorder of the connection of preschool education,and the symbiotic environment is not ideal.Therefore,in view of these problems,kindergartens,primary schools and parents need to re-examine their own behaviors and strive for mutual cooperation and symbiosis.At the same time,the education authorities should also attach importance to this work,and jointly promote the high-quality development of the connection of primary and secondary education from top to bottom and from bottom to top,so as to help children achieve a smooth and effective transition.