Study On The Improvement Of Poverty In Pastoral Areas Of Inner Mongolia Based On The Optimization Of Human-land Relationship

The Inner Mongolia pastoral area is located in the northern part of the China.It is not only a border area but also a concentrated residential area for ethnic minorities,and an ecological barrier area.In the past 30 years,grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia has been deteriorating which also has led to a large drop in the income of herdsmen.In this paper,the theories of human-land relationship regional system,self-governance of common pool resources and sustainable development are adopted as basic theory framework.For the holistic analysis the theory of participatory development as qualitative method,and the evaluation of human-land relationship system development level,coordination degree and coordination development level as quantitative analysis methods are used,based on a large amount of literatures and field investigation.In the process of analysis,firstly big events in the past 30 years and their changes are reviewed.the secondly,the human-land relationship system of temporal and spatial variation of Inner Mongolia pastoral area is analyzed based on the calculation of selected index of regional system Combining with the current poverty situation in the research area,the reasons for the poverty in the pastoral area are explained from the perspective of "structure-function" from the perspective of human-land relationship system,and finally,the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the poverty are put forward.Through the "Participatory" review,the 30 major historical events in the study area are as follows: grassland,livestock contract policy,"two rights one system",snow disaster and association establishment in 2000,enclosure transfer,centralized education,cooperative establishment and reward and subsidy policy.Spatio-temporal change of human land relationship system are as follows : the grassland is fragmented and the grassland resources are short,the number of households in the population increases and the family structure is core,which will promote the fragmentation of the pasture;the structure of livestock is monotonous and the quality of the individual degenerates,which cannot cope with the fluctuation of the market.The results of quantitative analysis are as follows: the development level of resources and environment system is decreasing rapidly;the development level of population labor system is decreasing slowly;the development level of social economic system fluctuates;and the level of comprehensive development is decreasing rapidly.In addition to the primary and intermediate coordination in 2005 and 2008,the coordination degree of other years is in a state of disharmony and coordination development level is dissonant.Based on the analysis of the relationship of human-land relationship and situation of poverty in the study area,it is considered that the poverty in pastoral area is a manifestation of the deterioration of the regional system of human-land relationship,which is stable,circular and structural poverty.The fundamental cause of this result is the change of the operating mechanism of the "grassland-livestock-herdsman" system,which further brings more changes including the change in the use of pasture which makes the production cost of the herdsmen increase,the simplification of the structure of "five animals",the fragile ability of herdsmen to resist market risk,and the inadequate labour force in pastoral areas which has led to an increase in labor costs.The dominant factor is the contradiction between the policy and the realistic background of the pastoral area.Suggestions for improving poverty reduction are as follows: Optimize the human-land relationship system of “grassland-livestock – herdsman”,by integrating the resources and adjusting the industrial structure,Increase the diversity of the incomes of herdsmen,by optimizing the policy of pastoral areas,and strengthening some measures to change the impoverishment of herdsmen at least,such as formulating policies to adapt to local conditions and encouraging the participatory of herdsmen,paying attention to the localization of relevant policy support,helping the self-construction of the herdsmen to get out of the bottleneck of poverty.