Research On The Design Of Outdoor Public Space In A Mixed Elderly Community

The aging of population puts forward new requirements for the development of China’s pension industry.China has stepped into an aging society in 2000.By 2017,China had 158.31 million people aged 65 and above,accounting for 11.4 percent of the total population.Due to China’s large population base and rapid aging,it has become the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world.Then comes the more urgent pension problems: increasing medical pressure,the construction of pension facilities can not keep up with the demand,the existing residential areas are not suitable for aging,and so on.Due to the influence of China’s traditional concepts,welfare system,economic conditions and other factors,the existing modes of old-age care in China mainly include: community old-age care which cover the concept of home-based old-age care,institutional old-age care and retirement community.Although at the present stage,home-based community pension is still the most common and the most accepted living mode for the aged,it is often lack of professionalism and effectiveness in terms of care,nursing and daily security.Although institutional pension can meet the needs of professionalism,their number is too small.What’s more important is the lack of diversity in institutional groups.The environment of a single elderly group often brings many negative effects.The model of community for the aged can provide relatively complete supporting facilities for the aged and beautiful living environment,and provide all-round care and nursing for the aged.Although there are still many problems in the current construction of the community for the aged,which are still in the exploratory stage in the construction of planning standards,planning and design methods,operation management and community localization,the model of the community for the aged is still an effective way to deal with the elderly at the present stage in China.Due to the short time for the large-scale construction of pension communities,many community construction has not reached its due level.There are a lot of problems such as unscientific community planning structure,insufficient outdoor public activity space,unreasonable landscape design and so on.Moreover,the number of communities equipped with sufficient pension facilities is even less.As a large comprehensive community that includes multiple types of residential units and provides services for the elderly with various physical conditions,the study of mixed old-age care community is helpful to improve the construction model of old-age care community.From the current research situation,the domestic research on the elderly community mainly focuses on mode research,planning principles,operation mechanism,landscape design.Comparatively,there are few studies on the functional configuration,spatial morphology and structure of outdoor public space in elderly care communities.Currently,the established pension community only considers universality in its construction and takes accessibility as the design principle.However,the degree of subdivision of the elderly population in the pension community is not enough,and the design is not carried out according to the special requirements of different elderly people.As a result,the design of public space in the mixed pension community is somewhat extensive.Therefore,this paper mainly focuses on the outdoor public space research of mixed pension community.Due to the diversity of the elderly groups in the mixed old-age care community,this paper first made a distinction between the research objects from the aspect of daily action ability,mainly including the self-care elderly,the device-aided elderly and the nursing-cared elderly.Because the nursing-cared elderly are not able to act on their own initiative,it is difficult to observe the rules of their outdoor activities.In addition,as the needs of the nursing-cared elderly for nursing care mostly lie in medical care and hospice care,the demand for outdoor public space is low.Therefore,the research object of this paper is mainly self-care for the self-care elderly,the device-aided elderly.According to the development status of the elderly community and the understanding of the elderly community,combined with the existing model theory of the elderly community,the requirements and characteristics of outdoor public space in the hybrid elderly community were summarized,and the characteristics of public space sharing,compound and comfort were obtained.On the basis of theoretical construction,select the elderly community survey and questionnaire survey,mainly for the use of outdoor public space,the community elderly community’s daily activities and the elderly community space needs data collection.Due to the physiological and psychological differences,the choice of activity types,activity sites and activity duration of different elderly groups lead to the differences in their daily activities.The diversity and randomness of most old People’s Daily activities lead to the complexity of their activity types and activity Spaces.Extremely regular activity time slot,space choice all showed the activity agglomeration.In terms of space demand,with the decline of self-care,the elderly group’s demand for community space gradually turns from functional comprehensiveness to functional assistance,which reflects that the elderly group’s demand for space suitable for aging tends to increase with the decline of body function.Based on the characteristics of daily activities and space demand,and the understanding of the life of different elderly groups in the community,the strategy of building outdoor public space design in mixed old-age care community is proposed.Based on the regularity of daily activities and different needs of different elderly groups,the community walking space network was constructed,and the characteristics of walking paths for different elderly people were analyzed.Starting from the sharing and complexity of the public space of the mixed old-age care community and the comprehensiveness of the space demand of the elderly group,this paper puts forward the complex design strategy of the public space,and analyzes the comprehensiveness of the node function,the utilization rate and the complex design of the supporting facilities.In terms of climate adaptability,this paper mainly analyzes the design of community corridor system,elaborates the design points,and proposes to strengthen the seasonal response of community plant landscape setting.Finally,with the practical project "TianNianYiYang" community as a case,the paper analyzes the embodiment of the design strategy in the actual construction.