Research On The Doctrine Of Shishi In The 20th Century

Shuo Wen Jie Zi is the first dictionary,which arranged by radical form,in the history of Chinese philology.Xu Shen conducted a comprehensive systematic analysis of the Chinese character configuration system,and he also gave a clear definition of"Liu Shu”.Based on "Liu Shu" doctrine,later generations have been conducting a multi-angle and multi-face study on "Liu Shu".The study of "Liu Shu",accordingly,has formed.In the 20th century,with the continuous advancement of research methods,the emergence of new materials and the deepening of academic research,scholars begin to suspect the traditional "Liu Shu" doctrine for the seek of innovation.Consequently,the academic atmosphere of study "Liu Shu" is active and diverse."Zhi Shi" doctrine is one of sub-doctrines in "Liu Shu" doctrine,and it is regarded as one of configuration rules of Chinese character.The number of characters which configured with Zhi Shi rules is least in Shuo Wen Jie Zi.However,compared with the other five books in "Liu Shu",the book "Zhi Shi" illustrates in a clear way.Meanwhile,the number of cataloging on "Zhi Shi" in the past years is also less than that of the other five books in "Liu Shu".In 20th century,scholars made a new exploration on the "Zhi Shi",and sorted out the "Zhi Shi" doctrine in a systematic way.On the basis of developing trend,those researches studied the source of "Liu Shu".To some extent,it not only provides scientific reference for linguistics and philology,but also provides reference for current Chinese character research.The current study is made up of the preface and five chapters:Preface is the introduction.It introduces the significance of the present study.Besides,the research questions are proposes in this chapter,and it also points out the reason why the author chooses this topic.Chapter one is the literature review of "Zhi Shi" in 20th century.Since Xu Shen first shed light on "Zhi Shi" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi,the discussion of "Zhi Shi" by scholars of the past generations is more common in comprehensive monographs.Hence,it is necessary to search for and induce the important academic theories in an overall way.The discussion of the current research situation is carried out in two aspects.The first is to summarize the representative results of "Liu Shu" study in previous researches,and the second is to sort out the results of scholars in the 20th century in an overview way.Chapter two is the study of "Zhi Shi".it is mainly divided into two sections.The first section is the definition of "Zhi Shi",and the second section is the classification of"Zhi Shi".The definition of "Zhi Shi”is mainly classified into three aspects:morphology,phonetics and semantics."Zhi Shi" has a wide variety of classifications,and each school has different classification names for that.Although there is no big actual difference among each name,if it falls into a category,that is slightly far-fetched.Thus,the author chooses a representative view of great master in the chronological order.Chapter three is the study of the relationship between "Zhi Shi" and the other five books in "Liu Shu".The first section is the study on the distinction between A and B,C;the second section studies the position of "Zhi Shi" in "Liu Shu",that is the order of"Zhi Shi" in“Liu Shu";the third section is the study of "Jian Shu" doctrine.At first,the difference between "Zhi Shi","Hui Yi" and "Xiang Xing" is discriminated.The difference is one of the problems discussed by previous scholars.The emergence of"Jian Shu" doctrine solved some of the problems,and proved that the meaning of the Chinese characters is inseparable.However,some scholars also refuted the "Jian Shu"doctrine,and they thought it weakens the role of the "Liu Shu".As a consequence,it is necessary to distinguish the meanings of different opinions.Chapter four is the study on the structure type of Chinese characters in 20th century.With the continuous discovery of literature in ancient Chinese character and the continuous improvement of research methods,scholars in 20th century broke the theoretical framework of traditional study of "Liu Shu",carried out theoretical innovations,and reanalyzed the structure of Chinese characters,such as "San Shu"doctrine proposed by Tang Lan,Chen Mengjia and Qiu Xigui,"New Liu Shu" doctrine represented by Zhan Yuxin,Chinese character configuration pattern represented by Wang Ning and so on.These new theories that dissect the structure of Chinese characters are listed in this chapter so as to explore their academic value.Chapter five is the overall evaluation of "Liu Shu" doctrine study in 20th century.In the first section,the achievement of "Zhi Shi" doctrine is discussed."Zhi Shi"doctrine in 20th century analyzes from the perspective of morphology,phonetics and semantics,and it has a significant breakthrough in the research of "Zhi Shi" itself and the study of the structure type of Chinese characters.Especially,the development of linguistics in the 20th century has led many scholars to use the concept of linguistics to analyze related issues about "Liu Shu" in a more comprehensive and scientific way.The second section discusses the deficiencies of "Zhi Shi" doctrine in 20th century.During this period,scholars excessively used the ancient Chinese characters to solve the problem of "Liu Shu".Some scholars put forward the idea of philology without distinguishing the academic chapter and examining of the origin.They created new theories without foundation,and it led many problems in the study of "Zhi Shi".