The Function Evolution Of The Supervision System In The Ming Dynasty Before And After The "Tumubao Change"

The ancient Chinese supervision system is an important system in China's political system,with the effect of “praising virtue and punishing vice,driving out evil and ushering in good”,has played an important role in maintaining the authority of the central government,clarifying the bureaucracy,and mediating the operation of the state machine.In the Ming dynasty,the supervision system was adjusted and reformed with the strengthening of centralization,making it more complete and rigorous than the previous generation.In addition,based on the political function of maintaining centralization,the supervision system of the Ming dynasty has the political function of stabilizing the political situation and coordinating the conflict of interests.When the political change is over and the politics has returned to normal,the supervision system is able to promote the supervisory authority to restore the essential property of its professional discipline by reasonable system design.This paper focuses on the "Change of Tumubao",analyzing the strain and adjustment of the supervision system before,during and after the incident,analyzing its relationship with imperial power,executive power and military power,and it is found that the effective use of supervision power not only does not erode the executive power,but can also form a joint force with the executive power to deal with the political crisis,and that the external regulation of imperial power,the internal tension of anti-surveillance and the high frequency flow of supervisory officials can also avoid the excessive expansion of supervisory power,promoting it to return to the essential property of its professional discipline when the crisis is over.This paper is divided into four chapters: the first chapter combs the political environment and the internal organs and functions of the supervision system of the Ming dynasty,analyzing its position in the political system of the Ming dynasty.The second chapter analyzes the emergency changes of the functions of the supervision system during the "Change of Tumubao",involving the external environment of its functional changes,its functional mechanism of forming a joint force to deal with the government crisis,and its behavior in dealing with the government crisis.The third chapter analyzes the return of the normal function of the supervision system in Ming dynasty,including the new political environment,the functional mechanism of self-adjustment,and the specific performance of functional normal regression.The fourth chapter is the conclusion,with the analysis and study on the strain and adjustment of the Ming supervision system before,during and after the "Change of Tumubao",and it's found that the supervision system maintained the imperial power in emergencies,that it coordinated conflicts of interest and cooperated with executive power and military power,and that it restored the essential property of its professional discipline with the reasonable system design when the political change was over and the politics had returned to normal.This paper mainly attempts to study with the methods of Systems-Approach and Structural-Functionalism,constructing the structural function system of the supervision system of Ming dynasty,studying its response to external environmental stimuli at different times,digging into its response to the crisis and its function of the self-adjustment,and then analyzes its contribution in dealing with the crisis of “Change of Tumubao” from the aspects of functional structure,and analyzes its adaptation to the new environment after the crisis.