Research On The Voluntary Accountability System Of Public Higher Education Institutions In The United States

American public colleges and universities are often viewed as a public service,providing experience and technical education for students in order to gain a foothold in future social life.As society's expectations of higher education grow,higher education is being evaluated and reviewed more frequently.Country,states and localities have stepped up their scrutiny of institutions over the past decade,requiring institutions to take more direct responsibility for their actions,,decisions,cost and results.Higher education faces with performance pressure to improve graduation rates,pay for results and return education investments.External accountability and internal professional accountability for academic development can not meet the needs of different stakeholders.These new problems in the development of higher education are required to put forward new thinking and research methods in higher education.Voluntary System of Accountability and Voluntary Framework of Accountability in how to effectively measure and analysis of Colleges and Universities performance put forward their views clearly.The voluntary accountability is a positive response to the growing pressure of accountability.The voluntary accountability change the long-term passive response and shift to a more proactive response.American colleges and universities mainly adopts two voluntary accountability ways: one is VSA,through the present " college portrait" on school website,so that the students,parents and other stakeholders to obtain comparable,more transparent information in colleges and universities;The second is VFA,which focuses on the performance measurement of two-year colleges.The "voluntary accountability framework" is linked to the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System(IPEDs)and the establishment of the national community college association database.Different colleges and universities through application member can obtain his own account,and on the basis of the website of voluntary accountability framework design,which can be obtained automatically generated a VFA Profile.Student Progress Outcomes(SPO)? Career and Technical Education(CTE)?Adult Basic Education(ABE),and Student Learning Outcome(SLO)are the four main contents of the "voluntary accountability framework".Voluntary accountability is important in the development of higher education reform in the United States,its purpose is to improve the quality of higher education in the United States,maintain public colleges and universities in the U.S.competitiveness in the diversification of higher education system,balance the pressure from many aspects of accountability,different types of colleges and universities through different ways to achieve voluntary accountability,seeking a new balance in the autonomy and accountability.At present,the voluntary accountability has not been formally introduced in public institutions in China,and the discussion of voluntary accountability in the field of higher education has only been discussed in the theoretical.Along with the establishment of legal status,public institutions to strengthen university management,the introduction of higher education accountability is imperative voluntarily,it also responses the development of " Double world-class ” constrution in Chinese institutions.The United States in the field of higher education to introduce accountability has been more than 50 years,the voluntary accountability constantly improve and perfect in the United States,the voluntary accountability has been gradually mature in the field of American higher education.Learn from American experience,Multiple accountability?Collective action?Standardizing legislation?Weakened the administrative power and Information disclosure,are the future directions for our public colleges and universities to implement the accountability system.