A Comparative Study Of Population Problems And Population Policies Between China And Russia During The Transition Period

For a long time,population and its related issues have been an important issue in the development of China and Russia.The differences between demographic situation of two countries are reflected in the population base--China is large and Russia is small Since 1978 and 1991,the social transformation of China and Russia has been carried out for more than 40 years and 20 years respectively.During this period,the population problems of the two countries have become more complicated and have great commonalities,such as low fertility,the aging of population,imbalance of sex ratio and work force shortage,which affect the harmony and stability of the society and country.Faced with these problems,the two countries have adopted different approaches.Russia has successfully raised the fertility rate,which is superior to China in terms of policy and implementation effect.China has neglected the population structure because of the obsession with the population base.However,when we implemented the two-child policy,we found that the population policy has been unable to solve the population problem.According to the research,people of childbearing age has a low desire to have children in the future because of the financial burden,child-rearing and career development,which means that the population problem in China will be a long-term and serious problem and needs attention.Therefore,it should be formulated and implemented population policies to alleviate the reproductive burden.Russia,which is very similar to China in political,economic structure and development stage,can be regarded as an example,which deserves our reference.Based on the data,this paper starts from describing the population problems of Russia and China,compares the main contents and problems of the population policies of two countries,and gives some suggestions for the adjustment and improvement of China"s population policies in the future.