Research On The Design Of Elementary Science Teaching Based On Observational Learning

In the science curriculum standards for compulsory education,the Ministry of Education emphasizes the cultivation of students' scientific spirit and practical innovation ability,and the enhancement of students' problem consciousness.Science Education in primary schools,as the main way to cultivate primary school students' science literacy,has taken on the great responsibility of cultivating new-type talents,focusing on training students' scientific thinking and ability of discovering and solving problems.This research attempts to take the observation study as the training student's scientific consciousness,the scientific thinking,the scientific inquiry ability new way and the way,carries on the theory research and the practice exploration.This research mainly uses the literature research method,the interview method,the classroom observation method,the questionnaire survey method.First of all,through the literature research method to consult a large number of relevant literature on observational learning theory,and concluded that observational learning is a demonstrative behavior of learners through observing examples,an effective way of learning that results from imitation after being influenced by demonstration.Through the Literature Review of Child Development Psychology,Bandura's social learning theory and constructivist learning theory,the theoretical basis of science teaching design in primary school based on observation learning is obtained.By means of classroom observation and interview,this paper analyzes the present situation of science teaching in primary schools,the learning psychology and behavior of primary school students,the conditions under which primary school students observe learning in science class,and the objects and ways of observation in primary school science,according to the content and characteristics of science teaching in primary schools,the scientific activities in primary schools based on observation learning are classified.According to Bandura's observations of the learning process,the teaching process of science in primary schools is divided into five steps: "arouse attention,observe the situation","observe and demonstrate,put forward questions","cognitive reappearance,scientific inquiry","timely summary,scientific revelation","stimulate motivation,expand innovation",the author holds that teachers should construct diversified teaching environment,adopt generative teacher demonstration behavior,present appropriate teaching materials,give timely and adequate summary,and provide effective guidance and demonstration,guide students to think,find and solve problems,understand and summarize while observing,so as to make students have interest in observing and master the ability of observing and learning,so as to cultivate students' scientific consciousness,scientific thinking and scientific inquiry ability.According to the process of science teaching design based on observational learning,196 students from 4 classes of Grade 4 were selected to carry out the teaching in A primary school.In this paper,the secret of the Rainbow and the spinning top are selected as two specific cases to elaborate.Through the questionnaire survey method to evaluate the teaching effect,using the SPSS statistical analysis tool to carry on the statistical analysis of the questionnaire data,and the combination of classroom observation on the basis of observation learning of science teaching in primary schools to make an objective evaluation and reflection.This study suggests that science teaching based on observational learning in primary schools can help stimulate students' learning motivation and develop their observational learning ability,including the students' scientific consciousness and thinking ability,problem-solving ability,understanding and summing-up ability.The innovation of this study lies in the summary of the process of primary school science teaching design from the perspective of observational learning,and the design of different types of primary school science learning activities,it also carries on the teaching implementation and the effect appraisal and the reflection.The author hopes to provide a new angle of view and thought for the research of science teaching in primary schools,provide some theoretical and practical research results,and provide a new feasible path for the design of science teaching in primary schools so as to optimize the practical teaching of science in primary schools.To develop students' ability of observation and learning,scientific consciousness,scientific thinking and scientific inquiry,to promote liberal education and to cultivate new talents,and to achieve high quality growth and development of students.