The Formation And Development Of Marx's Labor Value Theory

We know that the theory of labor value is not Marx's theory invention,as early as the classical political economists before Marx,for example,William Petty,Adam Smith and David Ricardo,have already carried on a lot of related elaboration to the labor value theory.This leads to a temporary victory in the long debate between labor value theory and utility value theory.However,with the subsequent emergence of the Ricardo school as well as its own insurmountable theoretical contradictions,the labor value theory of classical political economy is on the verge of bankruptcy.Marx did not accept the theory of labor value from the very beginning.In the early 1840s,when he first came to know the theory of labor value,Marx's attitude to the labor value theory and is regarded as "mature official fraud measures","get rich science”classical political economics attitude,basically the same:negative.But later,with the deepening of the study of political economy,Marx's understanding of the value is more and more profound.Such as in the book of The Holy Family,Marx has realized "The amount of time that must be spent on the production of an item belongs to the cost of production of the article,The cost of an item is what it costs,how much it can sell(aside from the impact of competition)",this shows that Marx began to change the attitude of the general negation of labor value theory.Gradually realize the rationality of labor value theory.with the establishment of historical materialism in the Die Deutsche Ideologic.In 1847,Marx's Philosophy of poverty,has been fully standing on the position of the labor value theory of Ricardo,begin to criticize Proudhon's "constitute the value".Of course,here we need to point out that this is only a change in attitude,from the early 1840s to the general negative Poverly of philosophy in general certainly;but,obviously,in the "philosophy of poverty",Marx in the theory of labor value has not achieved a major breakthrough in the theory.Therefore,the "positive" attitude does not mean that Marx has his own theory of labor value at this time.Then we see,in later years,such as the Economics manuscript in 1857-1858,Marx was the first to distinguish between "labor" and "Arbeitskraft",first began to put forward theory of duality of labor;In the subsequent theoretical research,further developing the theory of value form,until the publication of the first volume of Marx's Das Kapital version second,Marx also made further improvement and development of labor value theory.As everyone knows,in the theory of classical political economists,labor value theory has been attacked by many economists.Before Marx died,its value theory has been misunderstood and framed,Marx criticized these theories in time,more famous such as A comment of Wagner's textbook of political economy.In the book,Marx points out:Value is not an abstract concept,it is a social form in which labor is adopted.After Marx's death,the theory of labor value is more difficult to develop.However,there is one thing we should be sure of:after nearly 150 years of theoretical development,the theory of labor value has not been refuted,but it is accepted by more and more people because of its scientific nature.This is also one of the original intention why I try to use my own method to study Marx's labor value theory.