Research On The Relationship Between Farmers' Livelihoods And Land Use In Huangling County

Recent years,rapid industrialization and urbanization have brought great changes in the livelihood structure of rural farmers,and their livelihood strategies have gradually changed to non-agricultural.However,as the most basic land use decision-making unit in rural areas of China,farmers' livelihood structure adjustment and livelihood strategy transformation will greatly affect the pattern of agricultural land production safety.How to ensure the sustainable use of land on the basis of realizing the long-term development of farmers' livelihood,triggered extensive academic thinking.The 19th national congress of the communist party of China put forward the strategy of rural revitalization,to put the development of rural production in the first place,and vigorously promote the construction of agricultural modernization.The realization of rural revitalization cannot ignore the livelihood of the majority of farmers and the safety and stability of production.Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and the theory of human-land relationship coordination,this paper selects Huangling county,which is located in the hilly and gully region of Shaanxi province,as the research area,analyzes the interactive relationship between farmers' livelihood and land use in this area by taking the micro?scale individual farmers' livelihood capital structure,livelihood strategy and land use structure as the analysis elements,and combining with the statistical data and field survey data,and draws the following conclusions:(1)There are few typical pure farmers in the study area,and the livelihood strategies of farmers are mainly agricultural and non-agricultural type.Farmers' choice of local and foreign farmers is greatly influenced by natural capital,human capital and social capital endowment difference.Farmers with high human capital index tend to combine farming in other places,while farmers with high natural capital and social capital index tend to combine farming in local areas.Farmers' choice of pure agricultural livelihood strategy is most significantly affected by social capital,and non-agricultural choice is most significantly affected by financial capital.Among the four livelihood strategies,the foreign and agricultural comprehensive livelihood capital scored the highest,pure agricultural and local and agricultural type in the middle,non-agricultural type scored the lowest.(2)The three indicators of household income,per capita investment in education and human relations are the key factors for farmers to change to non-agricultural livelihood strategy.With the increase of household income,human relationship investment,education investment and other funds,the ability of farmers to resist livelihood risks will be enhanced.Livelihood activities continue to expand to non-agricultural direction,the greater the possibility of livelihood dependence to non-agricultural.(3)There are obvious internal differences in the land use intensity of farmers in the study area.The county spatial trend is increasing gradually from west to east,and the landform features show high intensity in the loess plateau area and low intensity in the gully area.Compared with 2000,under the background of decreasing farmland area,the multiple cropping index of cultivated land increased greatly,and the land use efficiency improved as a whole.Fruit tree planting proportion increased significantly,vegetables,fruits,oil and other planting proportion decreased significantly,agricultural planting structure toward a single,professional development.(4)Due to the difference of the nature and structure of livelihood capital,the land planting structure adopted by farmers with different livelihood strategies is also different.Pure and part-time farmers with more natural assets,material capital and human assets tend to choose fruit trees and food crops mixed,and the level of diversification of land cultivation is higher.Pure farmers with more social assets tend to choose traditional grain planting.Non-farm households with higher financial capital tend to choose labor-saving economic forest planting or land transfer,and the planting structure is relatively single.(5)There is a significant correlation between farmers' livelihood capital and land use intensity.Compared with land use capital intensity,labor intensity and farmers' livelihood capital have higher correlation.The capital intensity has a strong influence on the subsistence capital of the part-time farmers,while the labor intensity has a strong influence on the subsistence capital of the pure farmers and the local part-time farmers.Natural,human and financial capital factors have the most significant impact on land use intensity.The higher the natural capital of farmers,the higher the investment of land production funds per unit area,and the more sufficient human resources,the higher the investment of labor time per unit area of land.(6)Land circulation in underdeveloped areas is the main reason for the formation of low-level non-agricultural livelihood strategy.Since ancient times,farmers have a love for soil complex,will not easily give up land,in the face of rural land expropriation and transfer,farmers' livelihood dependence gradually turned to non-agricultural activities,until completely transformed into non-agricultural livelihood strategy.In underdeveloped areas,agricultural income is still a source of livelihood for farmers' families.After land transfer,farmers passively turn to low-level non-agricultural livelihood strategy.To sum up,livelihood decision-making is based on the structure of livelihood capital,land resources as an important carrier of farmers' livelihood capital,the use of structural adjustment is always towards the direction of maximizing returns and minimizing risks,in order to promote the overall livelihood level of farmers and livelihood risk reduction.In addition to the fragmentation and complexity of the spatial allocation of agricultural land resources in the gully region of the Huangling county,which is dominated by human capital advantage,it will still be the main choice for farmers to make a living in the region in the near future.