The Study On National Key Ecological Function Area's Fiscal Transfer Payment

National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime is the only direct centralized continuous transfer payment that the central government made to help local governments with crucial ecological environment but less-developed enconomies.It is one of the important general transfer payments and a key part of China's ecological compensation system.The National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime contributes to the environmental protection and the ecological construction of China since the regime was implemented.However,the current regime has a few shortcomings which hinder its effectiveness.This paper studies the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime in following steps:Firstly,the paper reviews the ecological compensation and ecological transfer payment,finds out the theoretical basis of the ecological transfer payment regime.Secondly,the ecological compensation system is teased out,the status of the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime in the ecological compensation system is found out and the history of the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime is shown.The assessing criteria and results are presented to illustrate the present situation of the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime from both the central and the local.Thirdly,to summarize the advantages and disadvantages through the 'Xinanjiang' case study.Fourthly,the shortcomings of the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime are discussed,including the regime's status,compansation scope,calculating method,performance assessment,horizontal ecologiacal transfer payment.Fifthly,the enlightenment about the ecological compensation and the ecological transfer payment from other countries is provided.Finally,according to the syudy as well as the social and ecological reality,the suggestion about how to improve the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime is made.This paper draws a conclusion and some suggestions:the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime contributes a lot to the environmental protection and the ecological construction of China since the regime is implemented.The regime increases the acreage and environmental quality of National Key Ecological Function Areas,however,some shortcomings of the current regime hinder its management,effectiveness and performance.Three methods could be adopted to optimize the National Key Ecological Function Area's fiscal transfer payment regime:Firstly,introduce an amendment to clarify the policy orientation,normalize the usage of the capital,increase compansation scope,adjust calculating method,manage capical dynamically,establish withdrawal mechanism,complete performance assessment system.Secondly,conbine all the governmental and market ecological compansation methods,explore a horizontal ecologiacal transfer payment and establish ecological compansation fund to make efforts to benefit the environmental protection and the ecological construction of China.Thirdly,increase information disclosure,introduce a third party assessment mechanism and strengthen public scrutiny to keep the ecological compansation system running in a transparent way.