An Economic Analysis On The Withdrawal Behavior Of Part-time Peasant Households From Contracted Land

Since the reform and.opening up 40 years ago,China's social economy has continued to develop,and rural society has undergone dramatic changes.The breadth and depth of urban and rural population movements and rural land circulation have been further deepened.The problem of rural contracted land withdrawal is a realistic problem that must be faced in the process of urbanization development in China.Its essence is the contradiction between rural and human relations in China.With the transfer of a large number of rural laborers to urban and non-agricultural industries,the number of different types of concurrent rural households is increasing.The differentiation of rural households in the process of urbanization has led to the emergence of new human-land relationships,and some farmers rely on agricultural land.reduce.At the same time,due to the immovability of land elements and the lag of the reform of the land system,the situation of "moving people without moving" has led to more and more serious conflicts between people and land.In 2018,the No.1 Document of the Central Committee pointed out:"The maintenance process settles on the land contracting rights of farmers,and guides farmers who settle in cities to voluntarily transfer farmers' land contract rights according to law." This provides ideas and directions for solving the current contradiction between people and land.In this context,the establishment of a rural contracted land withdrawal mechanism has an objective necessity,which requires us to conduct a specific study on the current contracted land withdrawal behavior of the concurrently employed farmers.Based on the theory of land property rights,land dependence theory and economic behavior theory,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the tendency of the part-time farmers to withdraw from the contracted land and the preconditions and influencing factors.At the same time,it summarizes the existing pilot projects of rural contracted areas,conducts research on its macro-mechanism construction,and conducts empirical analysis on specific pilot cases from a micro perspective.Finally,on the basis of the above research,the basic framework and policy recommendations for the establishment of the exit mechanism for the part-time farmers households are proposed.The main conclusions of the paper are as follows:First,through the research on the exit tendency of part-time farmers households,it is concluded that in the context of the current new urbanization,there is a low contracted land use efficiency and contracted land allocation between the concurrent farmer and the contracted land held by the concurrent employer.The contradiction between supply and demand misplacement.Moreover,the current existing transfer mechanism of contracted land management rights also has certain problems,and it cannot solve the current series of contradictions well.At the same time,there is a certain demand for the exit of the part-time farmers's contracted land,while the agricultural land market in China is developing slowly and the contracting mechanism for the contracted land is missing.This makes the contradiction between the concurrent farmers and the contracted land more prominent,and it is of great significance to accelerate the withdrawal of the contracted land of the concurrent farmers.Secondly,through the study of the preconditions and influencing factors of the part-time farmers's contracted land,it is concluded that under the current background of human-land relationship differentiation,the dependence of the concurrent farmer on the farmland changes,? and the farmers and non-farmers Land dependence has been converted into property and security dependencies by livelihood dependency.On the basis of changes in the livelihood dependence of human beings,the risk of farmers withdrawing from rural contracted land is smaller,and the non-agricultural and industrialized level II and farmers and non-agricultural households are more likely to withdraw from rural contracted land.For a part-time farmer who has conditionally withdrawn from the contracted land,the contracted land withdrawal can achieve certain compensation,and whether the decision to exit the land is determined by the expected income of the farmer's holding contracted land and the expected return of the farmer's exit from the contracted land.The precondition for its withdrawal from rural contracted land is that the expected return of the farmer's exit from the contracted land is greater than the expected return of the farmer's holding contracted land.This condition is affected by factors such as non-agricultural income and expected value-added income of farmers.Among them,when the non-agricultural income is higher,the land's exit ability will be stronger and will be more willing to withdraw from the land.When farmers have higher expectations of the expected value-added income of the contracted land,they will expect higher compensation.Thirdly,through the summary study of the existing rural contracted land withdrawal pilots,we find that the establishment and operation of the rural land contractual management right withdrawal mechanism is feasible.From the top-level design,there are many forms and multiple levels of rural contracted land withdrawal.Withdrawal,different modes of rural contracting mechanism have gradually formed.From the farmer's point-of view,for some qualified farmers,the establishment of the mechanism is in demand.The exit of the rural land contractual management right can solve the current contradiction between man and land to a certain extent,and can solve the contract of the transfer of management rights.The problem of stability is conducive to the development of modem agriculture,and can also promote qualified farmers to enter the city and promote the healthy development of urbanization.At the same time,the existing rural contracted land withdrawal mechanism has certain defects,and it is necessary to further design a universal contracted land withdrawal mechanism.Finally,based on the previous research results,the paper insists on the principle of voluntary and paid-out of farmers,and expands the ideas for the future development of rural contracted areas and the development of new urbanization.This paper argues that the government should focus on exploring a more universal and feasible rural contracted land exit mechanism and promote the improvement of the social security system.There are many ways to build a top-level mechanism,actively promote the contracted land exit pilot,and explore more.The contracted mode of exit,establish and improve the rural contracted land withdrawal compensation mechanism,risk prevention mechanism,follow the gradual reform approach to explore more exit paths,and guide qualified part-time farmers to voluntarily withdraw from rural contracted land.