The Influence Of Capital Going To Rural Areas On Peasants' Income

Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,which is related to the sustained,rapid and stable development of the national economy.China's agricultural production still faces the large number of small peasants,small per capita arable land,and the difficulty of forming the scale effect,which can lead to the low efficiency of China's agricultural operations and the weak international competitiveness.In order to realize the transformation of Chinese agriculture from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and realize the scale,intensive,commercialization and socialized production of agriculture.China's agriculture needs to accelerate the cultivation of new agricultural management entities and build a modern agricultural management system on the basis of adhering to household contract management.Agricultural management system.The No.1 Central Document in 2013 proposed to innovate the agricultural production and management system to steadily improve the organization of peasants' production and operation.In the document,it is pointed out that urban industrial and commercial capital should be encouraged and guided to develop farming in rural areas suitable for enterprise management.It is required that strict access and supervision systems be established for industrial and commercial enterprises to lease farmland contracted by peasants(including woodland and grassland).With the support and encouragement of the policy,a large amount of urban capital flows into the countryside to carry out agricultural production and operation activities through land transfer,establishment of farms and bases.There are two opposite views on the impact of capital to the countryside on agricultural production and operation and peasants' rights and interests in the academic and practical levels.One point of view is that capital to the countryside introduce modern production factors into traditional agriculture,which is conducive to the construction of modern agricultural management systems,improve theefficiency of agricultural management,and promote the increase of peasants' income.The opposite view is that capital to the countryside has led to non-agriculturalization and non-grainization,which impacts and supplants out peasant households,and causes the interest disputes with the peasant households to affect the stability of the rural society.These two effects brought about by capital to the countryside can be observed in reality.The question is what kind of path does capital have to the countryside,and which peasant households benefit from capital to the countryside and which peasant households are adversely impacted,which is worth discussing.Based on the theory of economies of scale and the theory of knowledge spillover effects,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of capital to the countryside on peasants' income from the aspects of direct impact and indirect impact,and explores the impact of peasants' acceptance and effect of capital to the countryside from the perspective of peasants' resource endowment and risk awareness.Taking the peasant households in Taimushan Town of fujian province as the sample,this paper analyzes the impact of capital to the countryside on the income of peasant households and the differences and reasons of the influence on peasant households with different characteristics by empirically study.The research and analysis of this paper found that: 1.Capital to the countryside protects the farmer's agricultural land transfer income.In general,sample peasants are still acceptable for local agricultural land transfer rent levels.At the same time,the signing of agricultural land transfer contracts is common.The study found that the basic characteristics of the farmer households transferred to the rural capital are the average age of the head of the household and the large standard deviation,the average household population is small,the proportion of the elderly population is high,the average household head is highly educated,and the family labor force The proportion of non-agricultural employment is high and the proportion of household agricultural management income to household income is low.2.The direct impact ofcapital going to the countryside on the income of peasants is not significant,but the indirect impact is more significant.Capital to the countryside has a weaker impact on the direct employment income of peasants,but capital investment in agriculture has liberated the farmer households' agricultural labor to a certain extent,which has increased the opportunities for peasants' family labor to go out to work,and indirectly increased the wage income of peasants' families.3.Capital to the countryside has played a certain role in increasing the income of peasants' families,but the impact coverage is not wide enough,and many peasants have not benefited from it.Combined with the actual situation of the survey,there are still some rural households with negative growth in per capita income.4.The impact of the spillover effect of capital on the countryside on the indirect income of peasants,the evaluation of peasants is diversified.The sample peasants agreed with the role of capital going to the countryside to increase the agricultural production income of peasants,and did not agree with the impact of capital going to the countryside on agricultural production and management in other aspects.5.For capital to the countryside,most peasants are still acceptable and recognized.For the risk of capital going to the countryside,peasants' awareness is also high.They can realize the risks of capital going to the countryside,and the protection of peasants' rights and interests in the rural land transfer to agricultural land is also in place.According to the research conclusions,this paper proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,in order to provide reference for improving the relevant policies of industrial and commercial capital going to the countryside and improving the income of peasants.