| In a housing search process Saint-Petersburg residents usually encounter significant problems,being affected by a number of various factors.Many young citizens try to solve these problems for a long period of time,this fact to some extent represents their low pay ability.Some residents apply for a mortgage loan,but many low-income students and families cannot afford paying relatively high mortgage interests,so renting a housing appears to be the most popular option for them to solve the housing problem.At present,due to the real estate market's prices'instant growth,the renting tendency among young people and families,students and labor migrants shows the significant growth either.The most important reasons for people to prefer renting to buying include:firstly,insufficiency of individual's savings to pay a first payment of a mortgage loan;secondly,short-term housing demand,which means young people and families,students,labor migrants—all are potential tenants.As many European countries these years,the Russian Federation faces a very serious population ageing problem.In this regard,government should pay more attention to the quality of young talents' lives,guarantee competitive job opportunities for them and create a good living environment in order to insure the federal social,scientific and economic development in the future.Currently,the youth age in Russia is considered to be between 18 and 35 years,meanwhile the World Health Organization classifies people of 18-44 years old as a youth.This paper unites the age restrictions mentioned above and regards 18-40 year old people as the youth.This thesis uses the method of empirical research to identify and analyze the factors that affect the behavior of St.Petersburg's young residents on the housing market and their intention to rent a housing.The questionnaire research and the discrete choice approach are used to obtain and process the data in order to identify the factors that affect the living mode preferences and the intention of students and young specialists to rent a housing in the future.This paper provides some advice for the state to develop a sustainable and effective housing system.In this concern,this thesis takes 18-40 year old residents of the city of St.Petersburg as the research object,takes the housing conditions and influencing factors of this population group as the research subject,studies the housing conditions and influencing factors of this population group from three aspects of the main living mode,rent intention and the combination of these two aspects and provides the research basis for the state to implement an effective housing policy and for individuals to follow a rational housing strategy.The research methods adopted in this thesis include literature analysis,questionnaire survey and empirical analysis.A total of 598 valid questionnaires were collected through a random questionnaire survey on the target group,and the obtained data were used for regression analysis by SPSS 20.0.The influencing factors from the questionnaire were divided into four levels:individual,family,psychological and economic;the most significant individual factors included gender,age,education background,marital status and income;family factors included the number of family members,total annual family income and family's social status;the main psychological factors included the importance of the housing and employment problems for the questioned group;economic factors included the availability of the parental financial support and state housing programs.The most important housing conditions' factors included transport accessibility,rooms'quantity,floor,building environment,the age of a building and its maintenance status;housing environment factors included safety and proximity to subway stations,working place,parents'living place,schools,hospitals and shopping malls.In the first part of the data analysis,this thesis aims to identify the main factors affecting the living mode.As the living mode is a categorical variable,the multinomial logistic regression was used to test the set of four categories of a total of 14 factors,through the empirical analysis found that the young people's living mode choice mostly depends on such individual factors as type of residence,marital status and income,the number of family members,the psychological factor of the housing problem importance,which showed a negative correlation,and the economic factor of the parental financial support availability.In the second part of the data analysis,this thesis aims to identify the main factors affecting the rent intention.As the renting can be preferable or not preferable over the owning a housing,the binary logistic regression was used to test the set of four categories of a total of 14 factors,through the empirical analysis found that the young people's rent intention is influenced by many various factors,the most significant of which include such individual factors as education background,marital status,income and working experience,such family factors as the family's social status and the total annual family income,the psychological factor of the housing problem importance,which showed a negative correlation,and the economic factor of the parental financial support availability.In the third part of the data analysis,this thesis aims to identify the main factors affecting the rent intention for a chosen living mode.The binary logistic regression was used again to test the set of housing conditions and environment-two categories of a total of 18 factors,through the empirical analysis found that the young people's rent intention is influenced by many various factors,the most significant of which include such housing conditions'factors as accessibility for transport,building environment and rooms'quantity,and such housing environment factors as safety and proximity to subway stations,working place,parents' living place and hospitals.The regression model analysis results let the research conclude that,for the St.Petersburg's youth,choosing a living mode is a complex process,which demands considering a wide variety of individual,social,psychological and economic factors.Empirical analysis results show that women are more inclined to rent a housing than men,the average age of the tenant is less than the age of the housing owner,the rent intention declines with the improving of education and personal income levels.According to the data obtained during the survey,the share of St.Petersburg residents with a rent intention is less than that of non-residents,and the share of married residents renting a housing is much less than that of the singles.Summarizing,the research concludes that the housing rent intention is higher for low-income,single young people without a higher education degree,who came to St.Petersburg to study or work.Combined with the above empirical analysis results,this paper suggests the following measures to increase the effectiveness of the housing system in St.Petersburg and solve housing problems of the youth.Firstly,improving the housing supply system and paying more attention to low-income population groups.Secondly,increasing the purchasing capacity of the residents through changing the practice of commercial loans issuing.Thirdly,attracting financial groups and organizations to invest in real estate industry of St.Petersburg.Fourthly,promoting the St.Petersburg's real estate market reform through its development,optimization and better regulation.Fifthly,encourage young citizens to follow rational expenditure concept in choosing the housing. |
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