| Finding new growth points through innovation is one of the first tasks for enterprises to improve their competitiveness and an important way to achieve regional economic development.The "Shanghai City Master Plan(2017-2035)" proposes to strive to build Shanghai into a global city with global resource allocation capabilities,strong international competitiveness and influence in 2035.Technological innovation is the "main driving force" that Shanghai should rely on in the future.The industrial enterprises in Shanghai have made great contributions to the economy and development of Shanghai.However,the GDP of Shanghai 's industrial enterprises has weakened year by year,and the increase in the input of innovation activities is higher than the output of innovation activities.There is a loss of efficiency.This article takes industrial enterprises in Shanghai as the research object,and discusses the efficiency of technological innovation and its influencing factors.When empirically analyzing the efficiency of technological innovation,this article uses new product output value,new product export,and the number of valid patents at the end of the period as innovation output indicators,per capita R & D funds,per capita new product development funds,R & D funds,new product development funds,R & D personnel,enterprises The number of scientific and technological institutions and the number of all scientific and technological projects are taken as indicators of innovation input.The empirical analysis results show that the comprehensive technical efficiency of the railway ship aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry from 2011 to 2016 is in an effective state;the comprehensive technical efficiency of computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry is also effective except 2013;petroleum processing coking and The comprehensive technical efficiency of the nuclear fuel processing industry during 2012-2016 is effective.In 2016,there were 7 industries with comprehensive technical efficiency and efficiency,the largest number.Judging from the six-year average value of comprehensive efficiency in various industries,only railway ships,aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing arealways in effect.The industries whose returns to scale are always decreasing include electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing,chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing,general equipment manufacturing,rubber and plastic products manufacturing,and pharmaceutical manufacturing.There are 12 industries with constant returns or increasing returns to scale,namely textile industry,ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing,furniture manufacturing,wine and beverage and refined tea manufacturing,Agricultural and sideline food processing industry,petroleum processing coking and nuclear fuel processing industry,food manufacturing industry,railway ship aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry,printing and recording media replication industry,non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry,paper and paper products industry.The scale returns of the remaining four industries have increased in individual years and decreased in individual years,with no obvious trend.From the perspective of input and output,the input of most industries appears redundant to varying degrees.The main reason for the lack of output in output is the export of new products.In the chapter of empirical test of influencing factors,this article starts from the four dimensions of government factors,labor quality,openness,enterprise nature and industry competitiveness,establishes regression models and sorts explanatory variables from large to small,and determines the explanatory variables through the expansion factor test,And determine the number of explanatory variables through the Akaike Information Criteria and Bayesian Information Criteria,and finally confirm the explanatory variables that affect the efficiency of technological innovation,so as to be as realistic as possible.The empirical test results show that the factors that significantly affect the efficiency of technological innovation in Shanghai ' s industrial enterprises mainly include the ratio of taxes representing government factors to the main business(negative correlation),and the total industrial output value of state-holding enterprises representing the nature of enterprises and industry competitiveness.The proportion of Shanghai's total industrial output value(positive correlation),the proportion of R & D internal expenditures of colleges anduniversities that represent the quality of laborers in the proportion of regional R & D expenditure(negative correlation),and the industrial output value of foreign and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan-invested enterprises that represent the degree of openness The proportion of local industrial output value(negative correlation).At the same time,this article also compares the influencing factors of technological innovation efficiency in Shanghai and Tianjin,the two cities are not the same.The efficiency of technological innovation in industrial enterprises in Tianjin is significantly affected by the development of the industry.The specific independent variables include export delivery value and total industrial output value.Both independent variables have a positive correlation with technological innovation efficiency.Based on the empirical test results,this article puts forward the following suggestions: 1)Reduce the amount of R & D funds in colleges and universities,and increase the allocation of enterprise R & D funds.2)Adjust the tax exemption and create a better market environment.3)Provide a good policy environment to encourage independent innovation. |
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